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979 lines
32 KiB
Plaintext
Metadata-Version: 2.1
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Name: defusedxml
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Version: 0.7.1
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Summary: XML bomb protection for Python stdlib modules
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Home-page: https://github.com/tiran/defusedxml
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Author: Christian Heimes
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Author-email: christian@python.org
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Maintainer: Christian Heimes
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Maintainer-email: christian@python.org
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License: PSFL
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Download-URL: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedxml
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Keywords: xml bomb DoS
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Platform: all
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Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
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Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
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Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License
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Classifier: Natural Language :: English
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
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Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
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Classifier: Topic :: Text Processing :: Markup :: XML
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Requires-Python: >=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*
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===================================================
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defusedxml -- defusing XML bombs and other exploits
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===================================================
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/defusedxml.svg
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:target: https://pypi.org/project/defusedxml/
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:alt: Latest Version
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/defusedxml.svg
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:target: https://pypi.org/project/defusedxml/
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:alt: Supported Python versions
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.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/tiran/defusedxml.svg?branch=master
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:target: https://travis-ci.org/tiran/defusedxml
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:alt: Travis CI
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.. image:: https://codecov.io/github/tiran/defusedxml/coverage.svg?branch=master
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:target: https://codecov.io/github/tiran/defusedxml?branch=master
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:alt: codecov
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/defusedxml.svg
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:target: https://pypistats.org/packages/defusedxml
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:alt: PyPI downloads
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.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
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:target: https://github.com/psf/black
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:alt: Code style: black
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..
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"It's just XML, what could probably go wrong?"
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Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
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Synopsis
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========
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The results of an attack on a vulnerable XML library can be fairly dramatic.
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With just a few hundred **Bytes** of XML data an attacker can occupy several
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**Gigabytes** of memory within **seconds**. An attacker can also keep
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CPUs busy for a long time with a small to medium size request. Under some
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circumstances it is even possible to access local files on your
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server, to circumvent a firewall, or to abuse services to rebound attacks to
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third parties.
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The attacks use and abuse less common features of XML and its parsers. The
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majority of developers are unacquainted with features such as processing
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instructions and entity expansions that XML inherited from SGML. At best
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they know about ``<!DOCTYPE>`` from experience with HTML but they are not
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aware that a document type definition (DTD) can generate an HTTP request
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or load a file from the file system.
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None of the issues is new. They have been known for a long time. Billion
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laughs was first reported in 2003. Nevertheless some XML libraries and
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applications are still vulnerable and even heavy users of XML are
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surprised by these features. It's hard to say whom to blame for the
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situation. It's too short sighted to shift all blame on XML parsers and
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XML libraries for using insecure default settings. After all they
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properly implement XML specifications. Application developers must not rely
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that a library is always configured for security and potential harmful data
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by default.
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.. contents:: Table of Contents
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:depth: 2
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Attack vectors
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==============
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billion laughs / exponential entity expansion
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---------------------------------------------
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The `Billion Laughs`_ attack -- also known as exponential entity expansion --
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uses multiple levels of nested entities. The original example uses 9 levels
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of 10 expansions in each level to expand the string ``lol`` to a string of
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3 * 10 :sup:`9` bytes, hence the name "billion laughs". The resulting string
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occupies 3 GB (2.79 GiB) of memory; intermediate strings require additional
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memory. Because most parsers don't cache the intermediate step for every
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expansion it is repeated over and over again. It increases the CPU load even
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more.
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An XML document of just a few hundred bytes can disrupt all services on a
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machine within seconds.
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Example XML::
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<!DOCTYPE xmlbomb [
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<!ENTITY a "1234567890" >
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<!ENTITY b "&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;&a;">
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<!ENTITY c "&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;&b;">
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<!ENTITY d "&c;&c;&c;&c;&c;&c;&c;&c;">
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]>
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<bomb>&d;</bomb>
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quadratic blowup entity expansion
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---------------------------------
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A quadratic blowup attack is similar to a `Billion Laughs`_ attack; it abuses
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entity expansion, too. Instead of nested entities it repeats one large entity
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with a couple of thousand chars over and over again. The attack isn't as
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efficient as the exponential case but it avoids triggering countermeasures of
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parsers against heavily nested entities. Some parsers limit the depth and
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breadth of a single entity but not the total amount of expanded text
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throughout an entire XML document.
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A medium-sized XML document with a couple of hundred kilobytes can require a
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couple of hundred MB to several GB of memory. When the attack is combined
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with some level of nested expansion an attacker is able to achieve a higher
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ratio of success.
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::
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<!DOCTYPE bomb [
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<!ENTITY a "xxxxxxx... a couple of ten thousand chars">
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]>
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<bomb>&a;&a;&a;... repeat</bomb>
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external entity expansion (remote)
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----------------------------------
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Entity declarations can contain more than just text for replacement. They can
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also point to external resources by public identifiers or system identifiers.
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System identifiers are standard URIs. When the URI is a URL (e.g. a
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``http://`` locator) some parsers download the resource from the remote
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location and embed them into the XML document verbatim.
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Simple example of a parsed external entity::
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<!DOCTYPE external [
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<!ENTITY ee SYSTEM "http://www.python.org/some.xml">
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]>
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<root>ⅇ</root>
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The case of parsed external entities works only for valid XML content. The
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XML standard also supports unparsed external entities with a
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``NData declaration``.
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External entity expansion opens the door to plenty of exploits. An attacker
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can abuse a vulnerable XML library and application to rebound and forward
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network requests with the IP address of the server. It highly depends
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on the parser and the application what kind of exploit is possible. For
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example:
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* An attacker can circumvent firewalls and gain access to restricted
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resources as all the requests are made from an internal and trustworthy
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IP address, not from the outside.
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* An attacker can abuse a service to attack, spy on or DoS your servers but
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also third party services. The attack is disguised with the IP address of
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the server and the attacker is able to utilize the high bandwidth of a big
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machine.
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* An attacker can exhaust additional resources on the machine, e.g. with
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requests to a service that doesn't respond or responds with very large
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files.
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* An attacker may gain knowledge, when, how often and from which IP address
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an XML document is accessed.
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* An attacker could send mail from inside your network if the URL handler
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supports ``smtp://`` URIs.
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external entity expansion (local file)
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--------------------------------------
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External entities with references to local files are a sub-case of external
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entity expansion. It's listed as an extra attack because it deserves extra
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attention. Some XML libraries such as lxml disable network access by default
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but still allow entity expansion with local file access by default. Local
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files are either referenced with a ``file://`` URL or by a file path (either
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relative or absolute).
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An attacker may be able to access and download all files that can be read by
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the application process. This may include critical configuration files, too.
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::
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<!DOCTYPE external [
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<!ENTITY ee SYSTEM "file:///PATH/TO/simple.xml">
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]>
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<root>ⅇ</root>
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DTD retrieval
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-------------
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This case is similar to external entity expansion, too. Some XML libraries
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like Python's xml.dom.pulldom retrieve document type definitions from remote
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or local locations. Several attack scenarios from the external entity case
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apply to this issue as well.
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::
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html>
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<head/>
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<body>text</body>
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</html>
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Python XML Libraries
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====================
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.. csv-table:: vulnerabilities and features
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:header: "kind", "sax", "etree", "minidom", "pulldom", "xmlrpc", "lxml", "genshi"
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:widths: 24, 7, 8, 8, 7, 8, 8, 8
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:stub-columns: 0
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"billion laughs", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "False (1)", "False (5)"
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"quadratic blowup", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "**True**", "False (5)"
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"external entity expansion (remote)", "**True**", "False (3)", "False (4)", "**True**", "false", "False (1)", "False (5)"
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"external entity expansion (local file)", "**True**", "False (3)", "False (4)", "**True**", "false", "**True**", "False (5)"
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"DTD retrieval", "**True**", "False", "False", "**True**", "false", "False (1)", "False"
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"gzip bomb", "False", "False", "False", "False", "**True**", "**partly** (2)", "False"
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"xpath support (7)", "False", "False", "False", "False", "False", "**True**", "False"
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"xsl(t) support (7)", "False", "False", "False", "False", "False", "**True**", "False"
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"xinclude support (7)", "False", "**True** (6)", "False", "False", "False", "**True** (6)", "**True**"
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"C library", "expat", "expat", "expat", "expat", "expat", "libxml2", "expat"
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1. Lxml is protected against billion laughs attacks and doesn't do network
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lookups by default.
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2. libxml2 and lxml are not directly vulnerable to gzip decompression bombs
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but they don't protect you against them either.
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3. xml.etree doesn't expand entities and raises a ParserError when an entity
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occurs.
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4. minidom doesn't expand entities and simply returns the unexpanded entity
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verbatim.
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5. genshi.input of genshi 0.6 doesn't support entity expansion and raises a
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ParserError when an entity occurs.
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6. Library has (limited) XInclude support but requires an additional step to
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process inclusion.
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7. These are features but they may introduce exploitable holes, see
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`Other things to consider`_
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Settings in standard library
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----------------------------
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xml.sax.handler Features
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........................
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feature_external_ges (http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities)
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disables external entity expansion
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feature_external_pes (http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities)
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the option is ignored and doesn't modify any functionality
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DOM xml.dom.xmlbuilder.Options
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..............................
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external_parameter_entities
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ignored
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external_general_entities
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ignored
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external_dtd_subset
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ignored
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entities
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unsure
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defusedxml
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==========
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The `defusedxml package`_ (`defusedxml on PyPI`_)
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contains several Python-only workarounds and fixes
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for denial of service and other vulnerabilities in Python's XML libraries.
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In order to benefit from the protection you just have to import and use the
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listed functions / classes from the right defusedxml module instead of the
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original module. Merely `defusedxml.xmlrpc`_ is implemented as monkey patch.
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Instead of::
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>>> from xml.etree.ElementTree import parse
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>>> et = parse(xmlfile)
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alter code to::
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>>> from defusedxml.ElementTree import parse
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>>> et = parse(xmlfile)
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Additionally the package has an **untested** function to monkey patch
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all stdlib modules with ``defusedxml.defuse_stdlib()``.
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All functions and parser classes accept three additional keyword arguments.
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They return either the same objects as the original functions or compatible
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subclasses.
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forbid_dtd (default: False)
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disallow XML with a ``<!DOCTYPE>`` processing instruction and raise a
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*DTDForbidden* exception when a DTD processing instruction is found.
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forbid_entities (default: True)
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disallow XML with ``<!ENTITY>`` declarations inside the DTD and raise an
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*EntitiesForbidden* exception when an entity is declared.
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forbid_external (default: True)
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disallow any access to remote or local resources in external entities
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or DTD and raising an *ExternalReferenceForbidden* exception when a DTD
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or entity references an external resource.
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defusedxml (package)
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--------------------
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DefusedXmlException, DTDForbidden, EntitiesForbidden,
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ExternalReferenceForbidden, NotSupportedError
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defuse_stdlib() (*experimental*)
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defusedxml.cElementTree
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-----------------------
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**NOTE** ``defusedxml.cElementTree`` is deprecated and will be removed in a
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future release. Import from ``defusedxml.ElementTree`` instead.
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parse(), iterparse(), fromstring(), XMLParser
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defusedxml.ElementTree
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-----------------------
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parse(), iterparse(), fromstring(), XMLParser
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defusedxml.expatreader
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----------------------
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create_parser(), DefusedExpatParser
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defusedxml.sax
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--------------
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parse(), parseString(), make_parser()
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defusedxml.expatbuilder
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-----------------------
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parse(), parseString(), DefusedExpatBuilder, DefusedExpatBuilderNS
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defusedxml.minidom
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------------------
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parse(), parseString()
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defusedxml.pulldom
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------------------
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parse(), parseString()
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defusedxml.xmlrpc
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-----------------
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The fix is implemented as monkey patch for the stdlib's xmlrpc package (3.x)
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or xmlrpclib module (2.x). The function `monkey_patch()` enables the fixes,
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`unmonkey_patch()` removes the patch and puts the code in its former state.
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The monkey patch protects against XML related attacks as well as
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decompression bombs and excessively large requests or responses. The default
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setting is 30 MB for requests, responses and gzip decompression. You can
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modify the default by changing the module variable `MAX_DATA`. A value of
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`-1` disables the limit.
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defusedxml.lxml
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---------------
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**DEPRECATED** The module is deprecated and will be removed in a future
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release.
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The module acts as an *example* how you could protect code that uses
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lxml.etree. It implements a custom Element class that filters out
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Entity instances, a custom parser factory and a thread local storage for
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parser instances. It also has a check_docinfo() function which inspects
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a tree for internal or external DTDs and entity declarations. In order to
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check for entities lxml > 3.0 is required.
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parse(), fromstring()
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RestrictedElement, GlobalParserTLS, getDefaultParser(), check_docinfo()
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defusedexpat
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============
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|
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The `defusedexpat package`_ (`defusedexpat on PyPI`_)
|
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comes with binary extensions and a
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`modified expat`_ library instead of the standard `expat parser`_. It's
|
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basically a stand-alone version of the patches for Python's standard
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library C extensions.
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Modifications in expat
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----------------------
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new definitions::
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XML_BOMB_PROTECTION
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XML_DEFAULT_MAX_ENTITY_INDIRECTIONS
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XML_DEFAULT_MAX_ENTITY_EXPANSIONS
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XML_DEFAULT_RESET_DTD
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new XML_FeatureEnum members::
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XML_FEATURE_MAX_ENTITY_INDIRECTIONS
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XML_FEATURE_MAX_ENTITY_EXPANSIONS
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XML_FEATURE_IGNORE_DTD
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new XML_Error members::
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XML_ERROR_ENTITY_INDIRECTIONS
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XML_ERROR_ENTITY_EXPANSION
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new API functions::
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int XML_GetFeature(XML_Parser parser,
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enum XML_FeatureEnum feature,
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long *value);
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int XML_SetFeature(XML_Parser parser,
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enum XML_FeatureEnum feature,
|
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long value);
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int XML_GetFeatureDefault(enum XML_FeatureEnum feature,
|
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long *value);
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int XML_SetFeatureDefault(enum XML_FeatureEnum feature,
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long value);
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XML_FEATURE_MAX_ENTITY_INDIRECTIONS
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Limit the amount of indirections that are allowed to occur during the
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expansion of a nested entity. A counter starts when an entity reference
|
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is encountered. It resets after the entity is fully expanded. The limit
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protects the parser against exponential entity expansion attacks (aka
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billion laughs attack). When the limit is exceeded the parser stops and
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fails with `XML_ERROR_ENTITY_INDIRECTIONS`.
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A value of 0 disables the protection.
|
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Supported range
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0 .. UINT_MAX
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Default
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40
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XML_FEATURE_MAX_ENTITY_EXPANSIONS
|
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Limit the total length of all entity expansions throughout the entire
|
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document. The lengths of all entities are accumulated in a parser variable.
|
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The setting protects against quadratic blowup attacks (lots of expansions
|
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of a large entity declaration). When the sum of all entities exceeds
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the limit, the parser stops and fails with `XML_ERROR_ENTITY_EXPANSION`.
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A value of 0 disables the protection.
|
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Supported range
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0 .. UINT_MAX
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Default
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8 MiB
|
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XML_FEATURE_RESET_DTD
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Reset all DTD information after the <!DOCTYPE> block has been parsed. When
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the flag is set (default: false) all DTD information after the
|
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endDoctypeDeclHandler has been called. The flag can be set inside the
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endDoctypeDeclHandler. Without DTD information any entity reference in
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the document body leads to `XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY`.
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Supported range
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0, 1
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Default
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0
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|
|
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How to avoid XML vulnerabilities
|
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================================
|
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|
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Best practices
|
|
--------------
|
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|
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* Don't allow DTDs
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* Don't expand entities
|
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* Don't resolve externals
|
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* Limit parse depth
|
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* Limit total input size
|
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* Limit parse time
|
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* Favor a SAX or iterparse-like parser for potential large data
|
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* Validate and properly quote arguments to XSL transformations and
|
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XPath queries
|
|
* Don't use XPath expression from untrusted sources
|
|
* Don't apply XSL transformations that come untrusted sources
|
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|
|
(based on Brad Hill's `Attacking XML Security`_)
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|
|
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Other things to consider
|
|
========================
|
|
|
|
XML, XML parsers and processing libraries have more features and possible
|
|
issue that could lead to DoS vulnerabilities or security exploits in
|
|
applications. I have compiled an incomplete list of theoretical issues that
|
|
need further research and more attention. The list is deliberately pessimistic
|
|
and a bit paranoid, too. It contains things that might go wrong under daffy
|
|
circumstances.
|
|
|
|
|
|
attribute blowup / hash collision attack
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
XML parsers may use an algorithm with quadratic runtime O(n :sup:`2`) to
|
|
handle attributes and namespaces. If it uses hash tables (dictionaries) to
|
|
store attributes and namespaces the implementation may be vulnerable to
|
|
hash collision attacks, thus reducing the performance to O(n :sup:`2`) again.
|
|
In either case an attacker is able to forge a denial of service attack with
|
|
an XML document that contains thousands upon thousands of attributes in
|
|
a single node.
|
|
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|
I haven't researched yet if expat, pyexpat or libxml2 are vulnerable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
decompression bomb
|
|
------------------
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|
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|
The issue of decompression bombs (aka `ZIP bomb`_) apply to all XML libraries
|
|
that can parse compressed XML stream like gzipped HTTP streams or LZMA-ed
|
|
files. For an attacker it can reduce the amount of transmitted data by three
|
|
magnitudes or more. Gzip is able to compress 1 GiB zeros to roughly 1 MB,
|
|
lzma is even better::
|
|
|
|
$ dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=1024 | gzip > zeros.gz
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|
$ dd if=/dev/zero bs=1M count=1024 | lzma -z > zeros.xy
|
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$ ls -sh zeros.*
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|
1020K zeros.gz
|
|
148K zeros.xy
|
|
|
|
None of Python's standard XML libraries decompress streams except for
|
|
``xmlrpclib``. The module is vulnerable <https://bugs.python.org/issue16043>
|
|
to decompression bombs.
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|
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|
lxml can load and process compressed data through libxml2 transparently.
|
|
libxml2 can handle even very large blobs of compressed data efficiently
|
|
without using too much memory. But it doesn't protect applications from
|
|
decompression bombs. A carefully written SAX or iterparse-like approach can
|
|
be safe.
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|
|
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|
Processing Instruction
|
|
----------------------
|
|
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|
`PI`_'s like::
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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="style.xsl"?>
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may impose more threats for XML processing. It depends if and how a
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|
processor handles processing instructions. The issue of URL retrieval with
|
|
network or local file access apply to processing instructions, too.
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|
|
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Other DTD features
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|
------------------
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|
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`DTD`_ has more features like ``<!NOTATION>``. I haven't researched how
|
|
these features may be a security threat.
|
|
|
|
|
|
XPath
|
|
-----
|
|
|
|
XPath statements may introduce DoS vulnerabilities. Code should never execute
|
|
queries from untrusted sources. An attacker may also be able to create an XML
|
|
document that makes certain XPath queries costly or resource hungry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
XPath injection attacks
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
XPath injeciton attacks pretty much work like SQL injection attacks.
|
|
Arguments to XPath queries must be quoted and validated properly, especially
|
|
when they are taken from the user. The page `Avoid the dangers of XPath injection`_
|
|
list some ramifications of XPath injections.
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|
|
Python's standard library doesn't have XPath support. Lxml supports
|
|
parameterized XPath queries which does proper quoting. You just have to use
|
|
its xpath() method correctly::
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|
|
# DON'T
|
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>>> tree.xpath("/tag[@id='%s']" % value)
|
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|
|
# instead do
|
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>>> tree.xpath("/tag[@id=$tagid]", tagid=name)
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|
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XInclude
|
|
--------
|
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`XML Inclusion`_ is another way to load and include external files::
|
|
|
|
<root xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
|
<xi:include href="filename.txt" parse="text" />
|
|
</root>
|
|
|
|
This feature should be disabled when XML files from an untrusted source are
|
|
processed. Some Python XML libraries and libxml2 support XInclude but don't
|
|
have an option to sandbox inclusion and limit it to allowed directories.
|
|
|
|
|
|
XMLSchema location
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
A validating XML parser may download schema files from the information in a
|
|
``xsi:schemaLocation`` attribute.
|
|
|
|
::
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|
<ead xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9"
|
|
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
|
|
xsi:schemaLocation="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9 http://www.loc.gov/ead/ead.xsd">
|
|
</ead>
|
|
|
|
|
|
XSL Transformation
|
|
------------------
|
|
|
|
You should keep in mind that XSLT is a Turing complete language. Never
|
|
process XSLT code from unknown or untrusted source! XSLT processors may
|
|
allow you to interact with external resources in ways you can't even imagine.
|
|
Some processors even support extensions that allow read/write access to file
|
|
system, access to JRE objects or scripting with Jython.
|
|
|
|
Example from `Attacking XML Security`_ for Xalan-J::
|
|
|
|
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
|
|
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
|
|
xmlns:rt="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Runtime"
|
|
xmlns:ob="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Object"
|
|
exclude-result-prefixes= "rt ob">
|
|
<xsl:template match="/">
|
|
<xsl:variable name="runtimeObject" select="rt:getRuntime()"/>
|
|
<xsl:variable name="command"
|
|
select="rt:exec($runtimeObject, 'c:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe')"/>
|
|
<xsl:variable name="commandAsString" select="ob:toString($command)"/>
|
|
<xsl:value-of select="$commandAsString"/>
|
|
</xsl:template>
|
|
</xsl:stylesheet>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Related CVEs
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
CVE-2013-1664
|
|
Unrestricted entity expansion induces DoS vulnerabilities in Python XML
|
|
libraries (XML bomb)
|
|
|
|
CVE-2013-1665
|
|
External entity expansion in Python XML libraries inflicts potential
|
|
security flaws and DoS vulnerabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other languages / frameworks
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
Several other programming languages and frameworks are vulnerable as well. A
|
|
couple of them are affected by the fact that libxml2 up to 2.9.0 has no
|
|
protection against quadratic blowup attacks. Most of them have potential
|
|
dangerous default settings for entity expansion and external entities, too.
|
|
|
|
Perl
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Perl's XML::Simple is vulnerable to quadratic entity expansion and external
|
|
entity expansion (both local and remote).
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ruby
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Ruby's REXML document parser is vulnerable to entity expansion attacks
|
|
(both quadratic and exponential) but it doesn't do external entity
|
|
expansion by default. In order to counteract entity expansion you have to
|
|
disable the feature::
|
|
|
|
REXML::Document.entity_expansion_limit = 0
|
|
|
|
libxml-ruby and hpricot don't expand entities in their default configuration.
|
|
|
|
|
|
PHP
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
PHP's SimpleXML API is vulnerable to quadratic entity expansion and loads
|
|
entities from local and remote resources. The option ``LIBXML_NONET`` disables
|
|
network access but still allows local file access. ``LIBXML_NOENT`` seems to
|
|
have no effect on entity expansion in PHP 5.4.6.
|
|
|
|
|
|
C# / .NET / Mono
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Information in `XML DoS and Defenses (MSDN)`_ suggest that .NET is
|
|
vulnerable with its default settings. The article contains code snippets
|
|
how to create a secure XML reader::
|
|
|
|
XmlReaderSettings settings = new XmlReaderSettings();
|
|
settings.ProhibitDtd = false;
|
|
settings.MaxCharactersFromEntities = 1024;
|
|
settings.XmlResolver = null;
|
|
XmlReader reader = XmlReader.Create(stream, settings);
|
|
|
|
|
|
Java
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Untested. The documentation of Xerces and its `Xerces SecurityMananger`_
|
|
sounds like Xerces is also vulnerable to billion laugh attacks with its
|
|
default settings. It also does entity resolving when an
|
|
``org.xml.sax.EntityResolver`` is configured. I'm not yet sure about the
|
|
default setting here.
|
|
|
|
Java specialists suggest to have a custom builder factory::
|
|
|
|
DocumentBuilderFactory builderFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
|
|
builderFactory.setXIncludeAware(False);
|
|
builderFactory.setExpandEntityReferences(False);
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature(XMLConstants.FEATURE_SECURE_PROCESSING, True);
|
|
# either
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl", True);
|
|
# or if you need DTDs
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-general-entities", False);
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature("http://xml.org/sax/features/external-parameter-entities", False);
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-external-dtd", False);
|
|
builderFactory.setFeature("http://apache.org/xml/features/nonvalidating/load-dtd-grammar", False);
|
|
|
|
|
|
TODO
|
|
====
|
|
|
|
* DOM: Use xml.dom.xmlbuilder options for entity handling
|
|
* SAX: take feature_external_ges and feature_external_pes (?) into account
|
|
* test experimental monkey patching of stdlib modules
|
|
* improve documentation
|
|
|
|
|
|
License
|
|
=======
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) 2013-2017 by Christian Heimes <christian@python.org>
|
|
|
|
Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.
|
|
|
|
See https://www.python.org/psf/license for licensing details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acknowledgements
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Brett Cannon (Python Core developer)
|
|
review and code cleanup
|
|
|
|
Antoine Pitrou (Python Core developer)
|
|
code review
|
|
|
|
Aaron Patterson, Ben Murphy and Michael Koziarski (Ruby community)
|
|
Many thanks to Aaron, Ben and Michael from the Ruby community for their
|
|
report and assistance.
|
|
|
|
Thierry Carrez (OpenStack)
|
|
Many thanks to Thierry for his report to the Python Security Response
|
|
Team on behalf of the OpenStack security team.
|
|
|
|
Carl Meyer (Django)
|
|
Many thanks to Carl for his report to PSRT on behalf of the Django security
|
|
team.
|
|
|
|
Daniel Veillard (libxml2)
|
|
Many thanks to Daniel for his insight and assistance with libxml2.
|
|
|
|
semantics GmbH (https://www.semantics.de/)
|
|
Many thanks to my employer semantics for letting me work on the issue
|
|
during working hours as part of semantics's open source initiative.
|
|
|
|
|
|
References
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
* `XML DoS and Defenses (MSDN)`_
|
|
* `Billion Laughs`_ on Wikipedia
|
|
* `ZIP bomb`_ on Wikipedia
|
|
* `Configure SAX parsers for secure processing`_
|
|
* `Testing for XML Injection`_
|
|
|
|
.. _defusedxml package: https://github.com/tiran/defusedxml
|
|
.. _defusedxml on PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedxml
|
|
.. _defusedexpat package: https://github.com/tiran/defusedexpat
|
|
.. _defusedexpat on PyPI: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/defusedexpat
|
|
.. _modified expat: https://github.com/tiran/expat
|
|
.. _expat parser: http://expat.sourceforge.net/
|
|
.. _Attacking XML Security: https://www.isecpartners.com/media/12976/iSEC-HILL-Attacking-XML-Security-bh07.pdf
|
|
.. _Billion Laughs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billion_laughs
|
|
.. _XML DoS and Defenses (MSDN): https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/ee335713.aspx
|
|
.. _ZIP bomb: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip_bomb
|
|
.. _DTD: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Type_Definition
|
|
.. _PI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_Instruction
|
|
.. _Avoid the dangers of XPath injection: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-xpathinjection/index.html
|
|
.. _Configure SAX parsers for secure processing: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-tipcfsx/index.html
|
|
.. _Testing for XML Injection: https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Testing_for_XML_Injection_(OWASP-DV-008)
|
|
.. _Xerces SecurityMananger: https://xerces.apache.org/xerces2-j/javadocs/xerces2/org/apache/xerces/util/SecurityManager.html
|
|
.. _XML Inclusion: https://www.w3.org/TR/xinclude/#include_element
|
|
|
|
Changelog
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.7.1
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 08-Mar-2021*
|
|
|
|
- Fix regression ``defusedxml.ElementTree.ParseError`` (#63)
|
|
The ``ParseError`` exception is now the same class object as
|
|
``xml.etree.ElementTree.ParseError`` again.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.7.0
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 4-Mar-2021*
|
|
|
|
- No changes
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.7.0rc2
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 12-Jan-2021*
|
|
|
|
- Re-add and deprecate ``defusedxml.cElementTree``
|
|
- Use GitHub Actions instead of TravisCI
|
|
- Restore ``ElementTree`` attribute of ``xml.etree`` module after patching
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.7.0rc1
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 04-May-2020*
|
|
|
|
- Add support for Python 3.9
|
|
- ``defusedxml.cElementTree`` is not available with Python 3.9.
|
|
- Python 2 is deprecate. Support for Python 2 will be removed in 0.8.0.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.6.0
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 17-Apr-2019*
|
|
|
|
- Increase test coverage.
|
|
- Add badges to README.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.6.0rc1
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 14-Apr-2019*
|
|
|
|
- Test on Python 3.7 stable and 3.8-dev
|
|
- Drop support for Python 3.4
|
|
- No longer pass *html* argument to XMLParse. It has been deprecated and
|
|
ignored for a long time. The DefusedXMLParser still takes a html argument.
|
|
A deprecation warning is issued when the argument is False and a TypeError
|
|
when it's True.
|
|
- defusedxml now fails early when pyexpat stdlib module is not available or
|
|
broken.
|
|
- defusedxml.ElementTree.__all__ now lists ParseError as public attribute.
|
|
- The defusedxml.ElementTree and defusedxml.cElementTree modules had a typo
|
|
and used XMLParse instead of XMLParser as an alias for DefusedXMLParser.
|
|
Both the old and fixed name are now available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.5.0
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 07-Feb-2017*
|
|
|
|
- No changes
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.5.0.rc1
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 28-Jan-2017*
|
|
|
|
- Add compatibility with Python 3.6
|
|
- Drop support for Python 2.6, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
|
|
- Fix lxml tests (XMLSyntaxError: Detected an entity reference loop)
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.4.1
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 28-Mar-2013*
|
|
|
|
- Add more demo exploits, e.g. python_external.py and Xalan XSLT demos.
|
|
- Improved documentation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.4
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 25-Feb-2013*
|
|
|
|
- As per http://seclists.org/oss-sec/2013/q1/340 please REJECT
|
|
CVE-2013-0278, CVE-2013-0279 and CVE-2013-0280 and use CVE-2013-1664,
|
|
CVE-2013-1665 for OpenStack/etc.
|
|
- Add missing parser_list argument to sax.make_parser(). The argument is
|
|
ignored, though. (thanks to Florian Apolloner)
|
|
- Add demo exploit for external entity attack on Python's SAX parser, XML-RPC
|
|
and WebDAV.
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.3
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 19-Feb-2013*
|
|
|
|
- Improve documentation
|
|
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.2
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 15-Feb-2013*
|
|
|
|
- Rename ExternalEntitiesForbidden to ExternalReferenceForbidden
|
|
- Rename defusedxml.lxml.check_dtd() to check_docinfo()
|
|
- Unify argument names in callbacks
|
|
- Add arguments and formatted representation to exceptions
|
|
- Add forbid_external argument to all functions and classes
|
|
- More tests
|
|
- LOTS of documentation
|
|
- Add example code for other languages (Ruby, Perl, PHP) and parsers (Genshi)
|
|
- Add protection against XML and gzip attacks to xmlrpclib
|
|
|
|
defusedxml 0.1
|
|
--------------
|
|
|
|
*Release date: 08-Feb-2013*
|
|
|
|
- Initial and internal release for PSRT review
|
|
|
|
|