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1824 lines
71 KiB
Python
1824 lines
71 KiB
Python
import abc
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import base64
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import contextlib
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from io import BytesIO, TextIOWrapper
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import itertools
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import logging
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from pathlib import Path
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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from tempfile import TemporaryDirectory
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import uuid
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import warnings
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import numpy as np
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from PIL import Image
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import matplotlib as mpl
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from matplotlib._animation_data import (
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DISPLAY_TEMPLATE, INCLUDED_FRAMES, JS_INCLUDE, STYLE_INCLUDE)
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from matplotlib import _api, cbook
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import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
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_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
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# Process creation flag for subprocess to prevent it raising a terminal
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# window. See for example https://stackoverflow.com/q/24130623/
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subprocess_creation_flags = (
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subprocess.CREATE_NO_WINDOW if sys.platform == 'win32' else 0)
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def adjusted_figsize(w, h, dpi, n):
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"""
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Compute figure size so that pixels are a multiple of n.
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Parameters
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----------
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w, h : float
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Size in inches.
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dpi : float
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The dpi.
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n : int
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The target multiple.
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Returns
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-------
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wnew, hnew : float
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The new figure size in inches.
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"""
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# this maybe simplified if / when we adopt consistent rounding for
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# pixel size across the whole library
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def correct_roundoff(x, dpi, n):
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if int(x*dpi) % n != 0:
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if int(np.nextafter(x, np.inf)*dpi) % n == 0:
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x = np.nextafter(x, np.inf)
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elif int(np.nextafter(x, -np.inf)*dpi) % n == 0:
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x = np.nextafter(x, -np.inf)
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return x
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wnew = int(w * dpi / n) * n / dpi
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hnew = int(h * dpi / n) * n / dpi
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return correct_roundoff(wnew, dpi, n), correct_roundoff(hnew, dpi, n)
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class MovieWriterRegistry:
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"""Registry of available writer classes by human readable name."""
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def __init__(self):
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self._registered = dict()
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def register(self, name):
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"""
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Decorator for registering a class under a name.
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Example use::
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@registry.register(name)
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class Foo:
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pass
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"""
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def wrapper(writer_cls):
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self._registered[name] = writer_cls
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return writer_cls
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return wrapper
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def is_available(self, name):
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"""
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Check if given writer is available by name.
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Parameters
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----------
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name : str
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Returns
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-------
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bool
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"""
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try:
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cls = self._registered[name]
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except KeyError:
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return False
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return cls.isAvailable()
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def __iter__(self):
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"""Iterate over names of available writer class."""
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for name in self._registered:
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if self.is_available(name):
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yield name
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def list(self):
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"""Get a list of available MovieWriters."""
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return [*self]
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def __getitem__(self, name):
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"""Get an available writer class from its name."""
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if self.is_available(name):
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return self._registered[name]
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raise RuntimeError(f"Requested MovieWriter ({name}) not available")
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writers = MovieWriterRegistry()
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class AbstractMovieWriter(abc.ABC):
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"""
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Abstract base class for writing movies, providing a way to grab frames by
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calling `~AbstractMovieWriter.grab_frame`.
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`setup` is called to start the process and `finish` is called afterwards.
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`saving` is provided as a context manager to facilitate this process as ::
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with moviewriter.saving(fig, outfile='myfile.mp4', dpi=100):
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# Iterate over frames
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moviewriter.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)
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The use of the context manager ensures that `setup` and `finish` are
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performed as necessary.
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An instance of a concrete subclass of this class can be given as the
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``writer`` argument of `Animation.save()`.
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"""
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def __init__(self, fps=5, metadata=None, codec=None, bitrate=None):
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self.fps = fps
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self.metadata = metadata if metadata is not None else {}
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self.codec = mpl._val_or_rc(codec, 'animation.codec')
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self.bitrate = mpl._val_or_rc(bitrate, 'animation.bitrate')
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@abc.abstractmethod
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def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi=None):
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"""
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Setup for writing the movie file.
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Parameters
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----------
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fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
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The figure object that contains the information for frames.
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outfile : str
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The filename of the resulting movie file.
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dpi : float, default: ``fig.dpi``
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The DPI (or resolution) for the file. This controls the size
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in pixels of the resulting movie file.
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"""
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# Check that path is valid
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Path(outfile).parent.resolve(strict=True)
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self.outfile = outfile
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self.fig = fig
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if dpi is None:
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dpi = self.fig.dpi
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self.dpi = dpi
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@property
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def frame_size(self):
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"""A tuple ``(width, height)`` in pixels of a movie frame."""
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w, h = self.fig.get_size_inches()
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return int(w * self.dpi), int(h * self.dpi)
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def _supports_transparency(self):
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"""
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Whether this writer supports transparency.
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Writers may consult output file type and codec to determine this at runtime.
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"""
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return False
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@abc.abstractmethod
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def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
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"""
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Grab the image information from the figure and save as a movie frame.
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All keyword arguments in *savefig_kwargs* are passed on to the
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`~.Figure.savefig` call that saves the figure. However, several
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keyword arguments that are supported by `~.Figure.savefig` may not be
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passed as they are controlled by the MovieWriter:
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- *dpi*, *bbox_inches*: These may not be passed because each frame of the
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animation much be exactly the same size in pixels.
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- *format*: This is controlled by the MovieWriter.
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"""
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@abc.abstractmethod
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def finish(self):
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"""Finish any processing for writing the movie."""
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@contextlib.contextmanager
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def saving(self, fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs):
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"""
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Context manager to facilitate writing the movie file.
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``*args, **kw`` are any parameters that should be passed to `setup`.
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"""
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if mpl.rcParams['savefig.bbox'] == 'tight':
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_log.info("Disabling savefig.bbox = 'tight', as it may cause "
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"frame size to vary, which is inappropriate for "
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"animation.")
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# This particular sequence is what contextlib.contextmanager wants
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self.setup(fig, outfile, dpi, *args, **kwargs)
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with mpl.rc_context({'savefig.bbox': None}):
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try:
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yield self
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finally:
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self.finish()
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class MovieWriter(AbstractMovieWriter):
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"""
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Base class for writing movies.
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This is a base class for MovieWriter subclasses that write a movie frame
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data to a pipe. You cannot instantiate this class directly.
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See examples for how to use its subclasses.
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Attributes
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----------
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frame_format : str
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The format used in writing frame data, defaults to 'rgba'.
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fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
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The figure to capture data from.
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This must be provided by the subclasses.
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"""
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# Builtin writer subclasses additionally define the _exec_key and _args_key
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# attributes, which indicate the rcParams entries where the path to the
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# executable and additional command-line arguments to the executable are
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# stored. Third-party writers cannot meaningfully set these as they cannot
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# extend rcParams with new keys.
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# Pipe-based writers only support RGBA, but file-based ones support more
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# formats.
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supported_formats = ["rgba"]
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def __init__(self, fps=5, codec=None, bitrate=None, extra_args=None,
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metadata=None):
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"""
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Parameters
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----------
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fps : int, default: 5
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Movie frame rate (per second).
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codec : str or None, default: :rc:`animation.codec`
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The codec to use.
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bitrate : int, default: :rc:`animation.bitrate`
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The bitrate of the movie, in kilobits per second. Higher values
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means higher quality movies, but increase the file size. A value
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of -1 lets the underlying movie encoder select the bitrate.
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extra_args : list of str or None, optional
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Extra command-line arguments passed to the underlying movie encoder. These
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arguments are passed last to the encoder, just before the filename. The
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default, None, means to use :rc:`animation.[name-of-encoder]_args` for the
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builtin writers.
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metadata : dict[str, str], default: {}
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A dictionary of keys and values for metadata to include in the
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output file. Some keys that may be of use include:
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title, artist, genre, subject, copyright, srcform, comment.
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"""
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if type(self) is MovieWriter:
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# TODO MovieWriter is still an abstract class and needs to be
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# extended with a mixin. This should be clearer in naming
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# and description. For now, just give a reasonable error
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# message to users.
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raise TypeError(
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'MovieWriter cannot be instantiated directly. Please use one '
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'of its subclasses.')
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super().__init__(fps=fps, metadata=metadata, codec=codec,
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bitrate=bitrate)
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self.frame_format = self.supported_formats[0]
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self.extra_args = extra_args
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def _adjust_frame_size(self):
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if self.codec == 'h264':
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wo, ho = self.fig.get_size_inches()
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w, h = adjusted_figsize(wo, ho, self.dpi, 2)
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if (wo, ho) != (w, h):
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self.fig.set_size_inches(w, h, forward=True)
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_log.info('figure size in inches has been adjusted '
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'from %s x %s to %s x %s', wo, ho, w, h)
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else:
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w, h = self.fig.get_size_inches()
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_log.debug('frame size in pixels is %s x %s', *self.frame_size)
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return w, h
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def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi=None):
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# docstring inherited
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super().setup(fig, outfile, dpi=dpi)
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self._w, self._h = self._adjust_frame_size()
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# Run here so that grab_frame() can write the data to a pipe. This
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# eliminates the need for temp files.
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self._run()
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def _run(self):
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# Uses subprocess to call the program for assembling frames into a
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# movie file. *args* returns the sequence of command line arguments
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# from a few configuration options.
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command = self._args()
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_log.info('MovieWriter._run: running command: %s',
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cbook._pformat_subprocess(command))
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PIPE = subprocess.PIPE
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self._proc = subprocess.Popen(
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command, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
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creationflags=subprocess_creation_flags)
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def finish(self):
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"""Finish any processing for writing the movie."""
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out, err = self._proc.communicate()
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# Use the encoding/errors that universal_newlines would use.
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out = TextIOWrapper(BytesIO(out)).read()
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err = TextIOWrapper(BytesIO(err)).read()
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if out:
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_log.log(
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logging.WARNING if self._proc.returncode else logging.DEBUG,
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"MovieWriter stdout:\n%s", out)
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if err:
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_log.log(
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logging.WARNING if self._proc.returncode else logging.DEBUG,
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"MovieWriter stderr:\n%s", err)
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if self._proc.returncode:
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raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(
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self._proc.returncode, self._proc.args, out, err)
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def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
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# docstring inherited
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_validate_grabframe_kwargs(savefig_kwargs)
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_log.debug('MovieWriter.grab_frame: Grabbing frame.')
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# Readjust the figure size in case it has been changed by the user.
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# All frames must have the same size to save the movie correctly.
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self.fig.set_size_inches(self._w, self._h)
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# Save the figure data to the sink, using the frame format and dpi.
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self.fig.savefig(self._proc.stdin, format=self.frame_format,
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dpi=self.dpi, **savefig_kwargs)
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def _args(self):
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"""Assemble list of encoder-specific command-line arguments."""
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return NotImplementedError("args needs to be implemented by subclass.")
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@classmethod
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def bin_path(cls):
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"""
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Return the binary path to the commandline tool used by a specific
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subclass. This is a class method so that the tool can be looked for
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before making a particular MovieWriter subclass available.
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"""
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return str(mpl.rcParams[cls._exec_key])
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@classmethod
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def isAvailable(cls):
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"""Return whether a MovieWriter subclass is actually available."""
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return shutil.which(cls.bin_path()) is not None
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|
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class FileMovieWriter(MovieWriter):
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"""
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`MovieWriter` for writing to individual files and stitching at the end.
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This must be sub-classed to be useful.
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"""
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def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
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super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
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self.frame_format = mpl.rcParams['animation.frame_format']
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def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi=None, frame_prefix=None):
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"""
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Setup for writing the movie file.
|
|
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|
Parameters
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----------
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fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
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The figure to grab the rendered frames from.
|
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outfile : str
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The filename of the resulting movie file.
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dpi : float, default: ``fig.dpi``
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The dpi of the output file. This, with the figure size,
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controls the size in pixels of the resulting movie file.
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frame_prefix : str, optional
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The filename prefix to use for temporary files. If *None* (the
|
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default), files are written to a temporary directory which is
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deleted by `finish`; if not *None*, no temporary files are
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deleted.
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"""
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# Check that path is valid
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Path(outfile).parent.resolve(strict=True)
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self.fig = fig
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self.outfile = outfile
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if dpi is None:
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dpi = self.fig.dpi
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self.dpi = dpi
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self._adjust_frame_size()
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|
|
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if frame_prefix is None:
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self._tmpdir = TemporaryDirectory()
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self.temp_prefix = str(Path(self._tmpdir.name, 'tmp'))
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else:
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self._tmpdir = None
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self.temp_prefix = frame_prefix
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self._frame_counter = 0 # used for generating sequential file names
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self._temp_paths = list()
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self.fname_format_str = '%s%%07d.%s'
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|
|
|
def __del__(self):
|
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if hasattr(self, '_tmpdir') and self._tmpdir:
|
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self._tmpdir.cleanup()
|
|
|
|
@property
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def frame_format(self):
|
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"""
|
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Format (png, jpeg, etc.) to use for saving the frames, which can be
|
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decided by the individual subclasses.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self._frame_format
|
|
|
|
@frame_format.setter
|
|
def frame_format(self, frame_format):
|
|
if frame_format in self.supported_formats:
|
|
self._frame_format = frame_format
|
|
else:
|
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_api.warn_external(
|
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f"Ignoring file format {frame_format!r} which is not "
|
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f"supported by {type(self).__name__}; using "
|
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f"{self.supported_formats[0]} instead.")
|
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self._frame_format = self.supported_formats[0]
|
|
|
|
def _base_temp_name(self):
|
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# Generates a template name (without number) given the frame format
|
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# for extension and the prefix.
|
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return self.fname_format_str % (self.temp_prefix, self.frame_format)
|
|
|
|
def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
|
|
# docstring inherited
|
|
# Creates a filename for saving using basename and counter.
|
|
_validate_grabframe_kwargs(savefig_kwargs)
|
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path = Path(self._base_temp_name() % self._frame_counter)
|
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self._temp_paths.append(path) # Record the filename for later use.
|
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self._frame_counter += 1 # Ensures each created name is unique.
|
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_log.debug('FileMovieWriter.grab_frame: Grabbing frame %d to path=%s',
|
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self._frame_counter, path)
|
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with open(path, 'wb') as sink: # Save figure to the sink.
|
|
self.fig.savefig(sink, format=self.frame_format, dpi=self.dpi,
|
|
**savefig_kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def finish(self):
|
|
# Call run here now that all frame grabbing is done. All temp files
|
|
# are available to be assembled.
|
|
try:
|
|
self._run()
|
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super().finish()
|
|
finally:
|
|
if self._tmpdir:
|
|
_log.debug(
|
|
'MovieWriter: clearing temporary path=%s', self._tmpdir
|
|
)
|
|
self._tmpdir.cleanup()
|
|
|
|
|
|
@writers.register('pillow')
|
|
class PillowWriter(AbstractMovieWriter):
|
|
def _supports_transparency(self):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def isAvailable(cls):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi=None):
|
|
super().setup(fig, outfile, dpi=dpi)
|
|
self._frames = []
|
|
|
|
def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
|
|
_validate_grabframe_kwargs(savefig_kwargs)
|
|
buf = BytesIO()
|
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self.fig.savefig(
|
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buf, **{**savefig_kwargs, "format": "rgba", "dpi": self.dpi})
|
|
im = Image.frombuffer(
|
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"RGBA", self.frame_size, buf.getbuffer(), "raw", "RGBA", 0, 1)
|
|
if im.getextrema()[3][0] < 255:
|
|
# This frame has transparency, so we'll just add it as is.
|
|
self._frames.append(im)
|
|
else:
|
|
# Without transparency, we switch to RGB mode, which converts to P mode a
|
|
# little better if needed (specifically, this helps with GIF output.)
|
|
self._frames.append(im.convert("RGB"))
|
|
|
|
def finish(self):
|
|
self._frames[0].save(
|
|
self.outfile, save_all=True, append_images=self._frames[1:],
|
|
duration=int(1000 / self.fps), loop=0)
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Base class of ffmpeg information. Has the config keys and the common set
|
|
# of arguments that controls the *output* side of things.
|
|
class FFMpegBase:
|
|
"""
|
|
Mixin class for FFMpeg output.
|
|
|
|
This is a base class for the concrete `FFMpegWriter` and `FFMpegFileWriter`
|
|
classes.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
_exec_key = 'animation.ffmpeg_path'
|
|
_args_key = 'animation.ffmpeg_args'
|
|
|
|
def _supports_transparency(self):
|
|
suffix = Path(self.outfile).suffix
|
|
if suffix in {'.apng', '.avif', '.gif', '.webm', '.webp'}:
|
|
return True
|
|
# This list was found by going through `ffmpeg -codecs` for video encoders,
|
|
# running them with _support_transparency() forced to True, and checking that
|
|
# the "Pixel format" in Kdenlive included alpha. Note this is not a guarantee
|
|
# that transparency will work; you may also need to pass `-pix_fmt`, but we
|
|
# trust the user has done so if they are asking for these formats.
|
|
return self.codec in {
|
|
'apng', 'avrp', 'bmp', 'cfhd', 'dpx', 'ffv1', 'ffvhuff', 'gif', 'huffyuv',
|
|
'jpeg2000', 'ljpeg', 'png', 'prores', 'prores_aw', 'prores_ks', 'qtrle',
|
|
'rawvideo', 'targa', 'tiff', 'utvideo', 'v408', }
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def output_args(self):
|
|
args = []
|
|
suffix = Path(self.outfile).suffix
|
|
if suffix in {'.apng', '.avif', '.gif', '.webm', '.webp'}:
|
|
self.codec = suffix[1:]
|
|
else:
|
|
args.extend(['-vcodec', self.codec])
|
|
extra_args = (self.extra_args if self.extra_args is not None
|
|
else mpl.rcParams[self._args_key])
|
|
# For h264, the default format is yuv444p, which is not compatible
|
|
# with quicktime (and others). Specifying yuv420p fixes playback on
|
|
# iOS, as well as HTML5 video in firefox and safari (on both Windows and
|
|
# macOS). Also fixes internet explorer. This is as of 2015/10/29.
|
|
if self.codec == 'h264' and '-pix_fmt' not in extra_args:
|
|
args.extend(['-pix_fmt', 'yuv420p'])
|
|
# For GIF, we're telling FFmpeg to split the video stream, to generate
|
|
# a palette, and then use it for encoding.
|
|
elif self.codec == 'gif' and '-filter_complex' not in extra_args:
|
|
args.extend(['-filter_complex',
|
|
'split [a][b];[a] palettegen [p];[b][p] paletteuse'])
|
|
# For AVIF, we're telling FFmpeg to split the video stream, extract the alpha,
|
|
# in order to place it in a secondary stream, as needed by AVIF-in-FFmpeg.
|
|
elif self.codec == 'avif' and '-filter_complex' not in extra_args:
|
|
args.extend(['-filter_complex',
|
|
'split [rgb][rgba]; [rgba] alphaextract [alpha]',
|
|
'-map', '[rgb]', '-map', '[alpha]'])
|
|
if self.bitrate > 0:
|
|
args.extend(['-b', '%dk' % self.bitrate]) # %dk: bitrate in kbps.
|
|
for k, v in self.metadata.items():
|
|
args.extend(['-metadata', f'{k}={v}'])
|
|
args.extend(extra_args)
|
|
|
|
return args + ['-y', self.outfile]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Combine FFMpeg options with pipe-based writing
|
|
@writers.register('ffmpeg')
|
|
class FFMpegWriter(FFMpegBase, MovieWriter):
|
|
"""
|
|
Pipe-based ffmpeg writer.
|
|
|
|
Frames are streamed directly to ffmpeg via a pipe and written in a single pass.
|
|
|
|
This effectively works as a slideshow input to ffmpeg with the fps passed as
|
|
``-framerate``, so see also `their notes on frame rates`_ for further details.
|
|
|
|
.. _their notes on frame rates: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Slideshow#Framerates
|
|
"""
|
|
def _args(self):
|
|
# Returns the command line parameters for subprocess to use
|
|
# ffmpeg to create a movie using a pipe.
|
|
args = [self.bin_path(), '-f', 'rawvideo', '-vcodec', 'rawvideo',
|
|
'-s', '%dx%d' % self.frame_size, '-pix_fmt', self.frame_format,
|
|
'-framerate', str(self.fps)]
|
|
# Logging is quieted because subprocess.PIPE has limited buffer size.
|
|
# If you have a lot of frames in your animation and set logging to
|
|
# DEBUG, you will have a buffer overrun.
|
|
if _log.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
|
|
args += ['-loglevel', 'error']
|
|
args += ['-i', 'pipe:'] + self.output_args
|
|
return args
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Combine FFMpeg options with temp file-based writing
|
|
@writers.register('ffmpeg_file')
|
|
class FFMpegFileWriter(FFMpegBase, FileMovieWriter):
|
|
"""
|
|
File-based ffmpeg writer.
|
|
|
|
Frames are written to temporary files on disk and then stitched together at the end.
|
|
|
|
This effectively works as a slideshow input to ffmpeg with the fps passed as
|
|
``-framerate``, so see also `their notes on frame rates`_ for further details.
|
|
|
|
.. _their notes on frame rates: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Slideshow#Framerates
|
|
"""
|
|
supported_formats = ['png', 'jpeg', 'tiff', 'raw', 'rgba']
|
|
|
|
def _args(self):
|
|
# Returns the command line parameters for subprocess to use
|
|
# ffmpeg to create a movie using a collection of temp images
|
|
args = []
|
|
# For raw frames, we need to explicitly tell ffmpeg the metadata.
|
|
if self.frame_format in {'raw', 'rgba'}:
|
|
args += [
|
|
'-f', 'image2', '-vcodec', 'rawvideo',
|
|
'-video_size', '%dx%d' % self.frame_size,
|
|
'-pixel_format', 'rgba',
|
|
]
|
|
args += ['-framerate', str(self.fps), '-i', self._base_temp_name()]
|
|
if not self._tmpdir:
|
|
args += ['-frames:v', str(self._frame_counter)]
|
|
# Logging is quieted because subprocess.PIPE has limited buffer size.
|
|
# If you have a lot of frames in your animation and set logging to
|
|
# DEBUG, you will have a buffer overrun.
|
|
if _log.getEffectiveLevel() > logging.DEBUG:
|
|
args += ['-loglevel', 'error']
|
|
return [self.bin_path(), *args, *self.output_args]
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Base class for animated GIFs with ImageMagick
|
|
class ImageMagickBase:
|
|
"""
|
|
Mixin class for ImageMagick output.
|
|
|
|
This is a base class for the concrete `ImageMagickWriter` and
|
|
`ImageMagickFileWriter` classes, which define an ``input_names`` attribute
|
|
(or property) specifying the input names passed to ImageMagick.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
_exec_key = 'animation.convert_path'
|
|
_args_key = 'animation.convert_args'
|
|
|
|
def _supports_transparency(self):
|
|
suffix = Path(self.outfile).suffix
|
|
return suffix in {'.apng', '.avif', '.gif', '.webm', '.webp'}
|
|
|
|
def _args(self):
|
|
# ImageMagick does not recognize "raw".
|
|
fmt = "rgba" if self.frame_format == "raw" else self.frame_format
|
|
extra_args = (self.extra_args if self.extra_args is not None
|
|
else mpl.rcParams[self._args_key])
|
|
return [
|
|
self.bin_path(),
|
|
"-size", "%ix%i" % self.frame_size,
|
|
"-depth", "8",
|
|
"-delay", str(100 / self.fps),
|
|
"-loop", "0",
|
|
f"{fmt}:{self.input_names}",
|
|
*extra_args,
|
|
self.outfile,
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def bin_path(cls):
|
|
binpath = super().bin_path()
|
|
if binpath == 'convert':
|
|
binpath = mpl._get_executable_info('magick').executable
|
|
return binpath
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def isAvailable(cls):
|
|
try:
|
|
return super().isAvailable()
|
|
except mpl.ExecutableNotFoundError as _enf:
|
|
# May be raised by get_executable_info.
|
|
_log.debug('ImageMagick unavailable due to: %s', _enf)
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Combine ImageMagick options with pipe-based writing
|
|
@writers.register('imagemagick')
|
|
class ImageMagickWriter(ImageMagickBase, MovieWriter):
|
|
"""
|
|
Pipe-based animated gif writer.
|
|
|
|
Frames are streamed directly to ImageMagick via a pipe and written
|
|
in a single pass.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
input_names = "-" # stdin
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Combine ImageMagick options with temp file-based writing
|
|
@writers.register('imagemagick_file')
|
|
class ImageMagickFileWriter(ImageMagickBase, FileMovieWriter):
|
|
"""
|
|
File-based animated gif writer.
|
|
|
|
Frames are written to temporary files on disk and then stitched
|
|
together at the end.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
supported_formats = ['png', 'jpeg', 'tiff', 'raw', 'rgba']
|
|
input_names = property(
|
|
lambda self: f'{self.temp_prefix}*.{self.frame_format}')
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Taken directly from jakevdp's JSAnimation package at
|
|
# http://github.com/jakevdp/JSAnimation
|
|
def _included_frames(frame_count, frame_format, frame_dir):
|
|
return INCLUDED_FRAMES.format(Nframes=frame_count,
|
|
frame_dir=frame_dir,
|
|
frame_format=frame_format)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _embedded_frames(frame_list, frame_format):
|
|
"""frame_list should be a list of base64-encoded png files"""
|
|
if frame_format == 'svg':
|
|
# Fix MIME type for svg
|
|
frame_format = 'svg+xml'
|
|
template = ' frames[{0}] = "data:image/{1};base64,{2}"\n'
|
|
return "\n" + "".join(
|
|
template.format(i, frame_format, frame_data.replace('\n', '\\\n'))
|
|
for i, frame_data in enumerate(frame_list))
|
|
|
|
|
|
@writers.register('html')
|
|
class HTMLWriter(FileMovieWriter):
|
|
"""Writer for JavaScript-based HTML movies."""
|
|
|
|
supported_formats = ['png', 'jpeg', 'tiff', 'svg']
|
|
|
|
@classmethod
|
|
def isAvailable(cls):
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fps=30, codec=None, bitrate=None, extra_args=None,
|
|
metadata=None, embed_frames=False, default_mode='loop',
|
|
embed_limit=None):
|
|
|
|
if extra_args:
|
|
_log.warning("HTMLWriter ignores 'extra_args'")
|
|
extra_args = () # Don't lookup nonexistent rcParam[args_key].
|
|
self.embed_frames = embed_frames
|
|
self.default_mode = default_mode.lower()
|
|
_api.check_in_list(['loop', 'once', 'reflect'],
|
|
default_mode=self.default_mode)
|
|
|
|
# Save embed limit, which is given in MB
|
|
self._bytes_limit = mpl._val_or_rc(embed_limit, 'animation.embed_limit')
|
|
# Convert from MB to bytes
|
|
self._bytes_limit *= 1024 * 1024
|
|
|
|
super().__init__(fps, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata)
|
|
|
|
def setup(self, fig, outfile, dpi=None, frame_dir=None):
|
|
outfile = Path(outfile)
|
|
_api.check_in_list(['.html', '.htm'], outfile_extension=outfile.suffix)
|
|
|
|
self._saved_frames = []
|
|
self._total_bytes = 0
|
|
self._hit_limit = False
|
|
|
|
if not self.embed_frames:
|
|
if frame_dir is None:
|
|
frame_dir = outfile.with_name(outfile.stem + '_frames')
|
|
frame_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
|
|
frame_prefix = frame_dir / 'frame'
|
|
else:
|
|
frame_prefix = None
|
|
|
|
super().setup(fig, outfile, dpi, frame_prefix)
|
|
self._clear_temp = False
|
|
|
|
def grab_frame(self, **savefig_kwargs):
|
|
_validate_grabframe_kwargs(savefig_kwargs)
|
|
if self.embed_frames:
|
|
# Just stop processing if we hit the limit
|
|
if self._hit_limit:
|
|
return
|
|
f = BytesIO()
|
|
self.fig.savefig(f, format=self.frame_format,
|
|
dpi=self.dpi, **savefig_kwargs)
|
|
imgdata64 = base64.encodebytes(f.getvalue()).decode('ascii')
|
|
self._total_bytes += len(imgdata64)
|
|
if self._total_bytes >= self._bytes_limit:
|
|
_log.warning(
|
|
"Animation size has reached %s bytes, exceeding the limit "
|
|
"of %s. If you're sure you want a larger animation "
|
|
"embedded, set the animation.embed_limit rc parameter to "
|
|
"a larger value (in MB). This and further frames will be "
|
|
"dropped.", self._total_bytes, self._bytes_limit)
|
|
self._hit_limit = True
|
|
else:
|
|
self._saved_frames.append(imgdata64)
|
|
else:
|
|
return super().grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def finish(self):
|
|
# save the frames to an html file
|
|
if self.embed_frames:
|
|
fill_frames = _embedded_frames(self._saved_frames,
|
|
self.frame_format)
|
|
frame_count = len(self._saved_frames)
|
|
else:
|
|
# temp names is filled by FileMovieWriter
|
|
frame_count = len(self._temp_paths)
|
|
fill_frames = _included_frames(
|
|
frame_count, self.frame_format,
|
|
self._temp_paths[0].parent.relative_to(self.outfile.parent))
|
|
mode_dict = dict(once_checked='',
|
|
loop_checked='',
|
|
reflect_checked='')
|
|
mode_dict[self.default_mode + '_checked'] = 'checked'
|
|
|
|
interval = 1000 // self.fps
|
|
|
|
with open(self.outfile, 'w') as of:
|
|
of.write(JS_INCLUDE + STYLE_INCLUDE)
|
|
of.write(DISPLAY_TEMPLATE.format(id=uuid.uuid4().hex,
|
|
Nframes=frame_count,
|
|
fill_frames=fill_frames,
|
|
interval=interval,
|
|
**mode_dict))
|
|
|
|
# Duplicate the temporary file clean up logic from
|
|
# FileMovieWriter.finish. We cannot call the inherited version of
|
|
# finish because it assumes that there is a subprocess that we either
|
|
# need to call to merge many frames together or that there is a
|
|
# subprocess call that we need to clean up.
|
|
if self._tmpdir:
|
|
_log.debug('MovieWriter: clearing temporary path=%s', self._tmpdir)
|
|
self._tmpdir.cleanup()
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Animation:
|
|
"""
|
|
A base class for Animations.
|
|
|
|
This class is not usable as is, and should be subclassed to provide needed
|
|
behavior.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
You must store the created Animation in a variable that lives as long
|
|
as the animation should run. Otherwise, the Animation object will be
|
|
garbage-collected and the animation stops.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
|
|
The figure object used to get needed events, such as draw or resize.
|
|
|
|
event_source : object, optional
|
|
A class that can run a callback when desired events
|
|
are generated, as well as be stopped and started.
|
|
|
|
Examples include timers (see `TimedAnimation`) and file
|
|
system notifications.
|
|
|
|
blit : bool, default: False
|
|
Whether blitting is used to optimize drawing. If the backend does not
|
|
support blitting, then this parameter has no effect.
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
--------
|
|
FuncAnimation, ArtistAnimation
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fig, event_source=None, blit=False):
|
|
self._draw_was_started = False
|
|
|
|
self._fig = fig
|
|
# Disables blitting for backends that don't support it. This
|
|
# allows users to request it if available, but still have a
|
|
# fallback that works if it is not.
|
|
self._blit = blit and fig.canvas.supports_blit
|
|
|
|
# These are the basics of the animation. The frame sequence represents
|
|
# information for each frame of the animation and depends on how the
|
|
# drawing is handled by the subclasses. The event source fires events
|
|
# that cause the frame sequence to be iterated.
|
|
self.frame_seq = self.new_frame_seq()
|
|
self.event_source = event_source
|
|
|
|
# Instead of starting the event source now, we connect to the figure's
|
|
# draw_event, so that we only start once the figure has been drawn.
|
|
self._first_draw_id = fig.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event', self._start)
|
|
|
|
# Connect to the figure's close_event so that we don't continue to
|
|
# fire events and try to draw to a deleted figure.
|
|
self._close_id = self._fig.canvas.mpl_connect('close_event',
|
|
self._stop)
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
self._setup_blit()
|
|
|
|
def __del__(self):
|
|
if not getattr(self, '_draw_was_started', True):
|
|
warnings.warn(
|
|
'Animation was deleted without rendering anything. This is '
|
|
'most likely not intended. To prevent deletion, assign the '
|
|
'Animation to a variable, e.g. `anim`, that exists until you '
|
|
'output the Animation using `plt.show()` or '
|
|
'`anim.save()`.'
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
def _start(self, *args):
|
|
"""
|
|
Starts interactive animation. Adds the draw frame command to the GUI
|
|
handler, calls show to start the event loop.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Do not start the event source if saving() it.
|
|
if self._fig.canvas.is_saving():
|
|
return
|
|
# First disconnect our draw event handler
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._first_draw_id)
|
|
|
|
# Now do any initial draw
|
|
self._init_draw()
|
|
|
|
# Add our callback for stepping the animation and
|
|
# actually start the event_source.
|
|
self.event_source.add_callback(self._step)
|
|
self.event_source.start()
|
|
|
|
def _stop(self, *args):
|
|
# On stop we disconnect all of our events.
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._resize_id)
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._close_id)
|
|
self.event_source.remove_callback(self._step)
|
|
self.event_source = None
|
|
|
|
def save(self, filename, writer=None, fps=None, dpi=None, codec=None,
|
|
bitrate=None, extra_args=None, metadata=None, extra_anim=None,
|
|
savefig_kwargs=None, *, progress_callback=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Save the animation as a movie file by drawing every frame.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
filename : str
|
|
The output filename, e.g., :file:`mymovie.mp4`.
|
|
|
|
writer : `MovieWriter` or str, default: :rc:`animation.writer`
|
|
A `MovieWriter` instance to use or a key that identifies a
|
|
class to use, such as 'ffmpeg'.
|
|
|
|
fps : int, optional
|
|
Movie frame rate (per second). If not set, the frame rate from the
|
|
animation's frame interval.
|
|
|
|
dpi : float, default: :rc:`savefig.dpi`
|
|
Controls the dots per inch for the movie frames. Together with
|
|
the figure's size in inches, this controls the size of the movie.
|
|
|
|
codec : str, default: :rc:`animation.codec`.
|
|
The video codec to use. Not all codecs are supported by a given
|
|
`MovieWriter`.
|
|
|
|
bitrate : int, default: :rc:`animation.bitrate`
|
|
The bitrate of the movie, in kilobits per second. Higher values
|
|
means higher quality movies, but increase the file size. A value
|
|
of -1 lets the underlying movie encoder select the bitrate.
|
|
|
|
extra_args : list of str or None, optional
|
|
Extra command-line arguments passed to the underlying movie encoder. These
|
|
arguments are passed last to the encoder, just before the output filename.
|
|
The default, None, means to use :rc:`animation.[name-of-encoder]_args` for
|
|
the builtin writers.
|
|
|
|
metadata : dict[str, str], default: {}
|
|
Dictionary of keys and values for metadata to include in
|
|
the output file. Some keys that may be of use include:
|
|
title, artist, genre, subject, copyright, srcform, comment.
|
|
|
|
extra_anim : list, default: []
|
|
Additional `Animation` objects that should be included
|
|
in the saved movie file. These need to be from the same
|
|
`.Figure` instance. Also, animation frames will
|
|
just be simply combined, so there should be a 1:1 correspondence
|
|
between the frames from the different animations.
|
|
|
|
savefig_kwargs : dict, default: {}
|
|
Keyword arguments passed to each `~.Figure.savefig` call used to
|
|
save the individual frames.
|
|
|
|
progress_callback : function, optional
|
|
A callback function that will be called for every frame to notify
|
|
the saving progress. It must have the signature ::
|
|
|
|
def func(current_frame: int, total_frames: int) -> Any
|
|
|
|
where *current_frame* is the current frame number and *total_frames* is the
|
|
total number of frames to be saved. *total_frames* is set to None, if the
|
|
total number of frames cannot be determined. Return values may exist but are
|
|
ignored.
|
|
|
|
Example code to write the progress to stdout::
|
|
|
|
progress_callback = lambda i, n: print(f'Saving frame {i}/{n}')
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
-----
|
|
*fps*, *codec*, *bitrate*, *extra_args* and *metadata* are used to
|
|
construct a `.MovieWriter` instance and can only be passed if
|
|
*writer* is a string. If they are passed as non-*None* and *writer*
|
|
is a `.MovieWriter`, a `RuntimeError` will be raised.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
all_anim = [self]
|
|
if extra_anim is not None:
|
|
all_anim.extend(anim for anim in extra_anim
|
|
if anim._fig is self._fig)
|
|
|
|
# Disable "Animation was deleted without rendering" warning.
|
|
for anim in all_anim:
|
|
anim._draw_was_started = True
|
|
|
|
if writer is None:
|
|
writer = mpl.rcParams['animation.writer']
|
|
elif (not isinstance(writer, str) and
|
|
any(arg is not None
|
|
for arg in (fps, codec, bitrate, extra_args, metadata))):
|
|
raise RuntimeError('Passing in values for arguments '
|
|
'fps, codec, bitrate, extra_args, or metadata '
|
|
'is not supported when writer is an existing '
|
|
'MovieWriter instance. These should instead be '
|
|
'passed as arguments when creating the '
|
|
'MovieWriter instance.')
|
|
|
|
if savefig_kwargs is None:
|
|
savefig_kwargs = {}
|
|
else:
|
|
# we are going to mutate this below
|
|
savefig_kwargs = dict(savefig_kwargs)
|
|
|
|
if fps is None and hasattr(self, '_interval'):
|
|
# Convert interval in ms to frames per second
|
|
fps = 1000. / self._interval
|
|
|
|
# Reuse the savefig DPI for ours if none is given.
|
|
dpi = mpl._val_or_rc(dpi, 'savefig.dpi')
|
|
if dpi == 'figure':
|
|
dpi = self._fig.dpi
|
|
|
|
writer_kwargs = {}
|
|
if codec is not None:
|
|
writer_kwargs['codec'] = codec
|
|
if bitrate is not None:
|
|
writer_kwargs['bitrate'] = bitrate
|
|
if extra_args is not None:
|
|
writer_kwargs['extra_args'] = extra_args
|
|
if metadata is not None:
|
|
writer_kwargs['metadata'] = metadata
|
|
|
|
# If we have the name of a writer, instantiate an instance of the
|
|
# registered class.
|
|
if isinstance(writer, str):
|
|
try:
|
|
writer_cls = writers[writer]
|
|
except RuntimeError: # Raised if not available.
|
|
writer_cls = PillowWriter # Always available.
|
|
_log.warning("MovieWriter %s unavailable; using Pillow "
|
|
"instead.", writer)
|
|
writer = writer_cls(fps, **writer_kwargs)
|
|
_log.info('Animation.save using %s', type(writer))
|
|
|
|
if 'bbox_inches' in savefig_kwargs:
|
|
_log.warning("Warning: discarding the 'bbox_inches' argument in "
|
|
"'savefig_kwargs' as it may cause frame size "
|
|
"to vary, which is inappropriate for animation.")
|
|
savefig_kwargs.pop('bbox_inches')
|
|
|
|
# Create a new sequence of frames for saved data. This is different
|
|
# from new_frame_seq() to give the ability to save 'live' generated
|
|
# frame information to be saved later.
|
|
# TODO: Right now, after closing the figure, saving a movie won't work
|
|
# since GUI widgets are gone. Either need to remove extra code to
|
|
# allow for this non-existent use case or find a way to make it work.
|
|
|
|
def _pre_composite_to_white(color):
|
|
r, g, b, a = mcolors.to_rgba(color)
|
|
return a * np.array([r, g, b]) + 1 - a
|
|
|
|
# canvas._is_saving = True makes the draw_event animation-starting
|
|
# callback a no-op; canvas.manager = None prevents resizing the GUI
|
|
# widget (both are likewise done in savefig()).
|
|
with (writer.saving(self._fig, filename, dpi),
|
|
cbook._setattr_cm(self._fig.canvas, _is_saving=True, manager=None)):
|
|
if not writer._supports_transparency():
|
|
facecolor = savefig_kwargs.get('facecolor',
|
|
mpl.rcParams['savefig.facecolor'])
|
|
if facecolor == 'auto':
|
|
facecolor = self._fig.get_facecolor()
|
|
savefig_kwargs['facecolor'] = _pre_composite_to_white(facecolor)
|
|
savefig_kwargs['transparent'] = False # just to be safe!
|
|
|
|
for anim in all_anim:
|
|
anim._init_draw() # Clear the initial frame
|
|
frame_number = 0
|
|
# TODO: Currently only FuncAnimation has a save_count
|
|
# attribute. Can we generalize this to all Animations?
|
|
save_count_list = [getattr(a, '_save_count', None)
|
|
for a in all_anim]
|
|
if None in save_count_list:
|
|
total_frames = None
|
|
else:
|
|
total_frames = sum(save_count_list)
|
|
for data in zip(*[a.new_saved_frame_seq() for a in all_anim]):
|
|
for anim, d in zip(all_anim, data):
|
|
# TODO: See if turning off blit is really necessary
|
|
anim._draw_next_frame(d, blit=False)
|
|
if progress_callback is not None:
|
|
progress_callback(frame_number, total_frames)
|
|
frame_number += 1
|
|
writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _step(self, *args):
|
|
"""
|
|
Handler for getting events. By default, gets the next frame in the
|
|
sequence and hands the data off to be drawn.
|
|
"""
|
|
# Returns True to indicate that the event source should continue to
|
|
# call _step, until the frame sequence reaches the end of iteration,
|
|
# at which point False will be returned.
|
|
try:
|
|
framedata = next(self.frame_seq)
|
|
self._draw_next_frame(framedata, self._blit)
|
|
return True
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
def new_frame_seq(self):
|
|
"""Return a new sequence of frame information."""
|
|
# Default implementation is just an iterator over self._framedata
|
|
return iter(self._framedata)
|
|
|
|
def new_saved_frame_seq(self):
|
|
"""Return a new sequence of saved/cached frame information."""
|
|
# Default is the same as the regular frame sequence
|
|
return self.new_frame_seq()
|
|
|
|
def _draw_next_frame(self, framedata, blit):
|
|
# Breaks down the drawing of the next frame into steps of pre- and
|
|
# post- draw, as well as the drawing of the frame itself.
|
|
self._pre_draw(framedata, blit)
|
|
self._draw_frame(framedata)
|
|
self._post_draw(framedata, blit)
|
|
|
|
def _init_draw(self):
|
|
# Initial draw to clear the frame. Also used by the blitting code
|
|
# when a clean base is required.
|
|
self._draw_was_started = True
|
|
|
|
def _pre_draw(self, framedata, blit):
|
|
# Perform any cleaning or whatnot before the drawing of the frame.
|
|
# This default implementation allows blit to clear the frame.
|
|
if blit:
|
|
self._blit_clear(self._drawn_artists)
|
|
|
|
def _draw_frame(self, framedata):
|
|
# Performs actual drawing of the frame.
|
|
raise NotImplementedError('Needs to be implemented by subclasses to'
|
|
' actually make an animation.')
|
|
|
|
def _post_draw(self, framedata, blit):
|
|
# After the frame is rendered, this handles the actual flushing of
|
|
# the draw, which can be a direct draw_idle() or make use of the
|
|
# blitting.
|
|
if blit and self._drawn_artists:
|
|
self._blit_draw(self._drawn_artists)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._fig.canvas.draw_idle()
|
|
|
|
# The rest of the code in this class is to facilitate easy blitting
|
|
def _blit_draw(self, artists):
|
|
# Handles blitted drawing, which renders only the artists given instead
|
|
# of the entire figure.
|
|
updated_ax = {a.axes for a in artists}
|
|
# Enumerate artists to cache Axes backgrounds. We do not draw
|
|
# artists yet to not cache foreground from plots with shared Axes
|
|
for ax in updated_ax:
|
|
# If we haven't cached the background for the current view of this
|
|
# Axes object, do so now. This might not always be reliable, but
|
|
# it's an attempt to automate the process.
|
|
cur_view = ax._get_view()
|
|
view, bg = self._blit_cache.get(ax, (object(), None))
|
|
if cur_view != view:
|
|
self._blit_cache[ax] = (
|
|
cur_view, ax.figure.canvas.copy_from_bbox(ax.bbox))
|
|
# Make a separate pass to draw foreground.
|
|
for a in artists:
|
|
a.axes.draw_artist(a)
|
|
# After rendering all the needed artists, blit each Axes individually.
|
|
for ax in updated_ax:
|
|
ax.figure.canvas.blit(ax.bbox)
|
|
|
|
def _blit_clear(self, artists):
|
|
# Get a list of the Axes that need clearing from the artists that
|
|
# have been drawn. Grab the appropriate saved background from the
|
|
# cache and restore.
|
|
axes = {a.axes for a in artists}
|
|
for ax in axes:
|
|
try:
|
|
view, bg = self._blit_cache[ax]
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
continue
|
|
if ax._get_view() == view:
|
|
ax.figure.canvas.restore_region(bg)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._blit_cache.pop(ax)
|
|
|
|
def _setup_blit(self):
|
|
# Setting up the blit requires: a cache of the background for the Axes
|
|
self._blit_cache = dict()
|
|
self._drawn_artists = []
|
|
# _post_draw needs to be called first to initialize the renderer
|
|
self._post_draw(None, self._blit)
|
|
# Then we need to clear the Frame for the initial draw
|
|
# This is typically handled in _on_resize because QT and Tk
|
|
# emit a resize event on launch, but the macosx backend does not,
|
|
# thus we force it here for everyone for consistency
|
|
self._init_draw()
|
|
# Connect to future resize events
|
|
self._resize_id = self._fig.canvas.mpl_connect('resize_event',
|
|
self._on_resize)
|
|
|
|
def _on_resize(self, event):
|
|
# On resize, we need to disable the resize event handling so we don't
|
|
# get too many events. Also stop the animation events, so that
|
|
# we're paused. Reset the cache and re-init. Set up an event handler
|
|
# to catch once the draw has actually taken place.
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._resize_id)
|
|
self.event_source.stop()
|
|
self._blit_cache.clear()
|
|
self._init_draw()
|
|
self._resize_id = self._fig.canvas.mpl_connect('draw_event',
|
|
self._end_redraw)
|
|
|
|
def _end_redraw(self, event):
|
|
# Now that the redraw has happened, do the post draw flushing and
|
|
# blit handling. Then re-enable all of the original events.
|
|
self._post_draw(None, False)
|
|
self.event_source.start()
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._resize_id)
|
|
self._resize_id = self._fig.canvas.mpl_connect('resize_event',
|
|
self._on_resize)
|
|
|
|
def to_html5_video(self, embed_limit=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Convert the animation to an HTML5 ``<video>`` tag.
|
|
|
|
This saves the animation as an h264 video, encoded in base64
|
|
directly into the HTML5 video tag. This respects :rc:`animation.writer`
|
|
and :rc:`animation.bitrate`. This also makes use of the
|
|
*interval* to control the speed, and uses the *repeat*
|
|
parameter to decide whether to loop.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
embed_limit : float, optional
|
|
Limit, in MB, of the returned animation. No animation is created
|
|
if the limit is exceeded.
|
|
Defaults to :rc:`animation.embed_limit` = 20.0.
|
|
|
|
Returns
|
|
-------
|
|
str
|
|
An HTML5 video tag with the animation embedded as base64 encoded
|
|
h264 video.
|
|
If the *embed_limit* is exceeded, this returns the string
|
|
"Video too large to embed."
|
|
"""
|
|
VIDEO_TAG = r'''<video {size} {options}>
|
|
<source type="video/mp4" src="data:video/mp4;base64,{video}">
|
|
Your browser does not support the video tag.
|
|
</video>'''
|
|
# Cache the rendering of the video as HTML
|
|
if not hasattr(self, '_base64_video'):
|
|
# Save embed limit, which is given in MB
|
|
embed_limit = mpl._val_or_rc(embed_limit, 'animation.embed_limit')
|
|
|
|
# Convert from MB to bytes
|
|
embed_limit *= 1024 * 1024
|
|
|
|
# Can't open a NamedTemporaryFile twice on Windows, so use a
|
|
# TemporaryDirectory instead.
|
|
with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
|
|
path = Path(tmpdir, "temp.m4v")
|
|
# We create a writer manually so that we can get the
|
|
# appropriate size for the tag
|
|
Writer = writers[mpl.rcParams['animation.writer']]
|
|
writer = Writer(codec='h264',
|
|
bitrate=mpl.rcParams['animation.bitrate'],
|
|
fps=1000. / self._interval)
|
|
self.save(str(path), writer=writer)
|
|
# Now open and base64 encode.
|
|
vid64 = base64.encodebytes(path.read_bytes())
|
|
|
|
vid_len = len(vid64)
|
|
if vid_len >= embed_limit:
|
|
_log.warning(
|
|
"Animation movie is %s bytes, exceeding the limit of %s. "
|
|
"If you're sure you want a large animation embedded, set "
|
|
"the animation.embed_limit rc parameter to a larger value "
|
|
"(in MB).", vid_len, embed_limit)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._base64_video = vid64.decode('ascii')
|
|
self._video_size = 'width="{}" height="{}"'.format(
|
|
*writer.frame_size)
|
|
|
|
# If we exceeded the size, this attribute won't exist
|
|
if hasattr(self, '_base64_video'):
|
|
# Default HTML5 options are to autoplay and display video controls
|
|
options = ['controls', 'autoplay']
|
|
|
|
# If we're set to repeat, make it loop
|
|
if getattr(self, '_repeat', False):
|
|
options.append('loop')
|
|
|
|
return VIDEO_TAG.format(video=self._base64_video,
|
|
size=self._video_size,
|
|
options=' '.join(options))
|
|
else:
|
|
return 'Video too large to embed.'
|
|
|
|
def to_jshtml(self, fps=None, embed_frames=True, default_mode=None):
|
|
"""
|
|
Generate HTML representation of the animation.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
fps : int, optional
|
|
Movie frame rate (per second). If not set, the frame rate from
|
|
the animation's frame interval.
|
|
embed_frames : bool, optional
|
|
default_mode : str, optional
|
|
What to do when the animation ends. Must be one of ``{'loop',
|
|
'once', 'reflect'}``. Defaults to ``'loop'`` if the *repeat*
|
|
parameter is True, otherwise ``'once'``.
|
|
|
|
Returns
|
|
-------
|
|
str
|
|
An HTML representation of the animation embedded as a js object as
|
|
produced with the `.HTMLWriter`.
|
|
"""
|
|
if fps is None and hasattr(self, '_interval'):
|
|
# Convert interval in ms to frames per second
|
|
fps = 1000 / self._interval
|
|
|
|
# If we're not given a default mode, choose one base on the value of
|
|
# the _repeat attribute
|
|
if default_mode is None:
|
|
default_mode = 'loop' if getattr(self, '_repeat',
|
|
False) else 'once'
|
|
|
|
if not hasattr(self, "_html_representation"):
|
|
# Can't open a NamedTemporaryFile twice on Windows, so use a
|
|
# TemporaryDirectory instead.
|
|
with TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
|
|
path = Path(tmpdir, "temp.html")
|
|
writer = HTMLWriter(fps=fps,
|
|
embed_frames=embed_frames,
|
|
default_mode=default_mode)
|
|
self.save(str(path), writer=writer)
|
|
self._html_representation = path.read_text()
|
|
|
|
return self._html_representation
|
|
|
|
def _repr_html_(self):
|
|
"""IPython display hook for rendering."""
|
|
fmt = mpl.rcParams['animation.html']
|
|
if fmt == 'html5':
|
|
return self.to_html5_video()
|
|
elif fmt == 'jshtml':
|
|
return self.to_jshtml()
|
|
|
|
def pause(self):
|
|
"""Pause the animation."""
|
|
self.event_source.stop()
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
for artist in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
artist.set_animated(False)
|
|
|
|
def resume(self):
|
|
"""Resume the animation."""
|
|
self.event_source.start()
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
for artist in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
artist.set_animated(True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class TimedAnimation(Animation):
|
|
"""
|
|
`Animation` subclass for time-based animation.
|
|
|
|
A new frame is drawn every *interval* milliseconds.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
You must store the created Animation in a variable that lives as long
|
|
as the animation should run. Otherwise, the Animation object will be
|
|
garbage-collected and the animation stops.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
|
|
The figure object used to get needed events, such as draw or resize.
|
|
interval : int, default: 200
|
|
Delay between frames in milliseconds.
|
|
repeat_delay : int, default: 0
|
|
The delay in milliseconds between consecutive animation runs, if
|
|
*repeat* is True.
|
|
repeat : bool, default: True
|
|
Whether the animation repeats when the sequence of frames is completed.
|
|
blit : bool, default: False
|
|
Whether blitting is used to optimize drawing.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, fig, interval=200, repeat_delay=0, repeat=True,
|
|
event_source=None, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
self._interval = interval
|
|
# Undocumented support for repeat_delay = None as backcompat.
|
|
self._repeat_delay = repeat_delay if repeat_delay is not None else 0
|
|
self._repeat = repeat
|
|
# If we're not given an event source, create a new timer. This permits
|
|
# sharing timers between animation objects for syncing animations.
|
|
if event_source is None:
|
|
event_source = fig.canvas.new_timer(interval=self._interval)
|
|
super().__init__(fig, event_source=event_source, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _step(self, *args):
|
|
"""Handler for getting events."""
|
|
# Extends the _step() method for the Animation class. If
|
|
# Animation._step signals that it reached the end and we want to
|
|
# repeat, we refresh the frame sequence and return True. If
|
|
# _repeat_delay is set, change the event_source's interval to our loop
|
|
# delay and set the callback to one which will then set the interval
|
|
# back.
|
|
still_going = super()._step(*args)
|
|
if not still_going:
|
|
if self._repeat:
|
|
# Restart the draw loop
|
|
self._init_draw()
|
|
self.frame_seq = self.new_frame_seq()
|
|
self.event_source.interval = self._repeat_delay
|
|
return True
|
|
else:
|
|
# We are done with the animation. Call pause to remove
|
|
# animated flags from artists that were using blitting
|
|
self.pause()
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
# Remove the resize callback if we were blitting
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._resize_id)
|
|
self._fig.canvas.mpl_disconnect(self._close_id)
|
|
self.event_source = None
|
|
return False
|
|
|
|
self.event_source.interval = self._interval
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
|
|
class ArtistAnimation(TimedAnimation):
|
|
"""
|
|
`TimedAnimation` subclass that creates an animation by using a fixed
|
|
set of `.Artist` objects.
|
|
|
|
Before creating an instance, all plotting should have taken place
|
|
and the relevant artists saved.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
You must store the created Animation in a variable that lives as long
|
|
as the animation should run. Otherwise, the Animation object will be
|
|
garbage-collected and the animation stops.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
|
|
The figure object used to get needed events, such as draw or resize.
|
|
artists : list
|
|
Each list entry is a collection of `.Artist` objects that are made
|
|
visible on the corresponding frame. Other artists are made invisible.
|
|
interval : int, default: 200
|
|
Delay between frames in milliseconds.
|
|
repeat_delay : int, default: 0
|
|
The delay in milliseconds between consecutive animation runs, if
|
|
*repeat* is True.
|
|
repeat : bool, default: True
|
|
Whether the animation repeats when the sequence of frames is completed.
|
|
blit : bool, default: False
|
|
Whether blitting is used to optimize drawing.
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, fig, artists, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
# Internal list of artists drawn in the most recent frame.
|
|
self._drawn_artists = []
|
|
|
|
# Use the list of artists as the framedata, which will be iterated
|
|
# over by the machinery.
|
|
self._framedata = artists
|
|
super().__init__(fig, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def _init_draw(self):
|
|
super()._init_draw()
|
|
# Make all the artists involved in *any* frame invisible
|
|
figs = set()
|
|
for f in self.new_frame_seq():
|
|
for artist in f:
|
|
artist.set_visible(False)
|
|
artist.set_animated(self._blit)
|
|
# Assemble a list of unique figures that need flushing
|
|
if artist.get_figure() not in figs:
|
|
figs.add(artist.get_figure())
|
|
|
|
# Flush the needed figures
|
|
for fig in figs:
|
|
fig.canvas.draw_idle()
|
|
|
|
def _pre_draw(self, framedata, blit):
|
|
"""Clears artists from the last frame."""
|
|
if blit:
|
|
# Let blit handle clearing
|
|
self._blit_clear(self._drawn_artists)
|
|
else:
|
|
# Otherwise, make all the artists from the previous frame invisible
|
|
for artist in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
artist.set_visible(False)
|
|
|
|
def _draw_frame(self, artists):
|
|
# Save the artists that were passed in as framedata for the other
|
|
# steps (esp. blitting) to use.
|
|
self._drawn_artists = artists
|
|
|
|
# Make all the artists from the current frame visible
|
|
for artist in artists:
|
|
artist.set_visible(True)
|
|
|
|
|
|
class FuncAnimation(TimedAnimation):
|
|
"""
|
|
`TimedAnimation` subclass that makes an animation by repeatedly calling
|
|
a function *func*.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
|
|
You must store the created Animation in a variable that lives as long
|
|
as the animation should run. Otherwise, the Animation object will be
|
|
garbage-collected and the animation stops.
|
|
|
|
Parameters
|
|
----------
|
|
fig : `~matplotlib.figure.Figure`
|
|
The figure object used to get needed events, such as draw or resize.
|
|
|
|
func : callable
|
|
The function to call at each frame. The first argument will
|
|
be the next value in *frames*. Any additional positional
|
|
arguments can be supplied using `functools.partial` or via the *fargs*
|
|
parameter.
|
|
|
|
The required signature is::
|
|
|
|
def func(frame, *fargs) -> iterable_of_artists
|
|
|
|
It is often more convenient to provide the arguments using
|
|
`functools.partial`. In this way it is also possible to pass keyword
|
|
arguments. To pass a function with both positional and keyword
|
|
arguments, set all arguments as keyword arguments, just leaving the
|
|
*frame* argument unset::
|
|
|
|
def func(frame, art, *, y=None):
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
ani = FuncAnimation(fig, partial(func, art=ln, y='foo'))
|
|
|
|
If ``blit == True``, *func* must return an iterable of all artists
|
|
that were modified or created. This information is used by the blitting
|
|
algorithm to determine which parts of the figure have to be updated.
|
|
The return value is unused if ``blit == False`` and may be omitted in
|
|
that case.
|
|
|
|
frames : iterable, int, generator function, or None, optional
|
|
Source of data to pass *func* and each frame of the animation
|
|
|
|
- If an iterable, then simply use the values provided. If the
|
|
iterable has a length, it will override the *save_count* kwarg.
|
|
|
|
- If an integer, then equivalent to passing ``range(frames)``
|
|
|
|
- If a generator function, then must have the signature::
|
|
|
|
def gen_function() -> obj
|
|
|
|
- If *None*, then equivalent to passing ``itertools.count``.
|
|
|
|
In all of these cases, the values in *frames* is simply passed through
|
|
to the user-supplied *func* and thus can be of any type.
|
|
|
|
init_func : callable, optional
|
|
A function used to draw a clear frame. If not given, the results of
|
|
drawing from the first item in the frames sequence will be used. This
|
|
function will be called once before the first frame.
|
|
|
|
The required signature is::
|
|
|
|
def init_func() -> iterable_of_artists
|
|
|
|
If ``blit == True``, *init_func* must return an iterable of artists
|
|
to be re-drawn. This information is used by the blitting algorithm to
|
|
determine which parts of the figure have to be updated. The return
|
|
value is unused if ``blit == False`` and may be omitted in that case.
|
|
|
|
fargs : tuple or None, optional
|
|
Additional arguments to pass to each call to *func*. Note: the use of
|
|
`functools.partial` is preferred over *fargs*. See *func* for details.
|
|
|
|
save_count : int, optional
|
|
Fallback for the number of values from *frames* to cache. This is
|
|
only used if the number of frames cannot be inferred from *frames*,
|
|
i.e. when it's an iterator without length or a generator.
|
|
|
|
interval : int, default: 200
|
|
Delay between frames in milliseconds.
|
|
|
|
repeat_delay : int, default: 0
|
|
The delay in milliseconds between consecutive animation runs, if
|
|
*repeat* is True.
|
|
|
|
repeat : bool, default: True
|
|
Whether the animation repeats when the sequence of frames is completed.
|
|
|
|
blit : bool, default: False
|
|
Whether blitting is used to optimize drawing. Note: when using
|
|
blitting, any animated artists will be drawn according to their zorder;
|
|
however, they will be drawn on top of any previous artists, regardless
|
|
of their zorder.
|
|
|
|
cache_frame_data : bool, default: True
|
|
Whether frame data is cached. Disabling cache might be helpful when
|
|
frames contain large objects.
|
|
"""
|
|
def __init__(self, fig, func, frames=None, init_func=None, fargs=None,
|
|
save_count=None, *, cache_frame_data=True, **kwargs):
|
|
if fargs:
|
|
self._args = fargs
|
|
else:
|
|
self._args = ()
|
|
self._func = func
|
|
self._init_func = init_func
|
|
|
|
# Amount of framedata to keep around for saving movies. This is only
|
|
# used if we don't know how many frames there will be: in the case
|
|
# of no generator or in the case of a callable.
|
|
self._save_count = save_count
|
|
# Set up a function that creates a new iterable when needed. If nothing
|
|
# is passed in for frames, just use itertools.count, which will just
|
|
# keep counting from 0. A callable passed in for frames is assumed to
|
|
# be a generator. An iterable will be used as is, and anything else
|
|
# will be treated as a number of frames.
|
|
if frames is None:
|
|
self._iter_gen = itertools.count
|
|
elif callable(frames):
|
|
self._iter_gen = frames
|
|
elif np.iterable(frames):
|
|
if kwargs.get('repeat', True):
|
|
self._tee_from = frames
|
|
def iter_frames(frames=frames):
|
|
this, self._tee_from = itertools.tee(self._tee_from, 2)
|
|
yield from this
|
|
self._iter_gen = iter_frames
|
|
else:
|
|
self._iter_gen = lambda: iter(frames)
|
|
if hasattr(frames, '__len__'):
|
|
self._save_count = len(frames)
|
|
if save_count is not None:
|
|
_api.warn_external(
|
|
f"You passed in an explicit {save_count=} "
|
|
"which is being ignored in favor of "
|
|
f"{len(frames)=}."
|
|
)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._iter_gen = lambda: iter(range(frames))
|
|
self._save_count = frames
|
|
if save_count is not None:
|
|
_api.warn_external(
|
|
f"You passed in an explicit {save_count=} which is being "
|
|
f"ignored in favor of {frames=}."
|
|
)
|
|
if self._save_count is None and cache_frame_data:
|
|
_api.warn_external(
|
|
f"{frames=!r} which we can infer the length of, "
|
|
"did not pass an explicit *save_count* "
|
|
f"and passed {cache_frame_data=}. To avoid a possibly "
|
|
"unbounded cache, frame data caching has been disabled. "
|
|
"To suppress this warning either pass "
|
|
"`cache_frame_data=False` or `save_count=MAX_FRAMES`."
|
|
)
|
|
cache_frame_data = False
|
|
|
|
self._cache_frame_data = cache_frame_data
|
|
|
|
# Needs to be initialized so the draw functions work without checking
|
|
self._save_seq = []
|
|
|
|
super().__init__(fig, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
# Need to reset the saved seq, since right now it will contain data
|
|
# for a single frame from init, which is not what we want.
|
|
self._save_seq = []
|
|
|
|
def new_frame_seq(self):
|
|
# Use the generating function to generate a new frame sequence
|
|
return self._iter_gen()
|
|
|
|
def new_saved_frame_seq(self):
|
|
# Generate an iterator for the sequence of saved data. If there are
|
|
# no saved frames, generate a new frame sequence and take the first
|
|
# save_count entries in it.
|
|
if self._save_seq:
|
|
# While iterating we are going to update _save_seq
|
|
# so make a copy to safely iterate over
|
|
self._old_saved_seq = list(self._save_seq)
|
|
return iter(self._old_saved_seq)
|
|
else:
|
|
if self._save_count is None:
|
|
frame_seq = self.new_frame_seq()
|
|
|
|
def gen():
|
|
try:
|
|
while True:
|
|
yield next(frame_seq)
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
|
pass
|
|
return gen()
|
|
else:
|
|
return itertools.islice(self.new_frame_seq(), self._save_count)
|
|
|
|
def _init_draw(self):
|
|
super()._init_draw()
|
|
# Initialize the drawing either using the given init_func or by
|
|
# calling the draw function with the first item of the frame sequence.
|
|
# For blitting, the init_func should return a sequence of modified
|
|
# artists.
|
|
if self._init_func is None:
|
|
try:
|
|
frame_data = next(self.new_frame_seq())
|
|
except StopIteration:
|
|
# we can't start the iteration, it may have already been
|
|
# exhausted by a previous save or just be 0 length.
|
|
# warn and bail.
|
|
warnings.warn(
|
|
"Can not start iterating the frames for the initial draw. "
|
|
"This can be caused by passing in a 0 length sequence "
|
|
"for *frames*.\n\n"
|
|
"If you passed *frames* as a generator "
|
|
"it may be exhausted due to a previous display or save."
|
|
)
|
|
return
|
|
self._draw_frame(frame_data)
|
|
else:
|
|
self._drawn_artists = self._init_func()
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
if self._drawn_artists is None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError('The init_func must return a '
|
|
'sequence of Artist objects.')
|
|
for a in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
a.set_animated(self._blit)
|
|
self._save_seq = []
|
|
|
|
def _draw_frame(self, framedata):
|
|
if self._cache_frame_data:
|
|
# Save the data for potential saving of movies.
|
|
self._save_seq.append(framedata)
|
|
self._save_seq = self._save_seq[-self._save_count:]
|
|
|
|
# Call the func with framedata and args. If blitting is desired,
|
|
# func needs to return a sequence of any artists that were modified.
|
|
self._drawn_artists = self._func(framedata, *self._args)
|
|
|
|
if self._blit:
|
|
|
|
err = RuntimeError('The animation function must return a sequence '
|
|
'of Artist objects.')
|
|
try:
|
|
# check if a sequence
|
|
iter(self._drawn_artists)
|
|
except TypeError:
|
|
raise err from None
|
|
|
|
# check each item if it's artist
|
|
for i in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
if not isinstance(i, mpl.artist.Artist):
|
|
raise err
|
|
|
|
self._drawn_artists = sorted(self._drawn_artists,
|
|
key=lambda x: x.get_zorder())
|
|
|
|
for a in self._drawn_artists:
|
|
a.set_animated(self._blit)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _validate_grabframe_kwargs(savefig_kwargs):
|
|
if mpl.rcParams['savefig.bbox'] == 'tight':
|
|
raise ValueError(
|
|
f"{mpl.rcParams['savefig.bbox']=} must not be 'tight' as it "
|
|
"may cause frame size to vary, which is inappropriate for animation."
|
|
)
|
|
for k in ('dpi', 'bbox_inches', 'format'):
|
|
if k in savefig_kwargs:
|
|
raise TypeError(
|
|
f"grab_frame got an unexpected keyword argument {k!r}"
|
|
)
|