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# Basics of GNU/Linux
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## Basic File System Commands
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| Name | Command | options | example |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| List files | ls | -a shows all | ls -la |
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| | | -l long format | |
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| | | -R recursive | |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Current directory | pwd | -P prints the physical location | pwd |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Change | cd | .. takes you up a level | cd /home/gmarx |
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| directory | | ~ takes you to home directory | cd ~ |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Make | mkdir | -p make parent directories as needed | mkdir -p test/example |
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| directory | | -v print a message for each directory | mkdir -p /test/example |
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| | | | *first example creates |
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| | | | folders inside the |
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| | | | current folder, other one |
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| | | | creates folder in root directory |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Delete a | rm | -r recursive (use for directories) | rm sample.txt |
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| file or directory | | -d remove empty directory | rm -r test |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Copy a file | cp | -r recursivec copy | cp a.txt b.txt |
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| or directory | | -u copy only if the source is newer | cp test-a test-b |
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| | | -v verbose (show output) | |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| Move a file or | mv | -i prompts before overwrite | mv a.txt c.txt |
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| directory | | No -r; Moving into the same directory | mv test example |
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| | | performs a renaming | |
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|-------------------|---------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------|
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| | touch | | |
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| | more | | |
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| | cal | | |
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*** Terminal
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| Command | Description |
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|---------|------------------------|
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| CTRL-c | Stop current command |
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| CTRL-z | Sleep program |
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| CTRL-a | Go to start of line |
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| CTRL-e | Go to end of line |
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| CTRL-u | Cut from start of line |
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| CTRL-k | Cut to end of line |
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| CTRL-r | Search history |
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| !! | Repeat last command |
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| Tab key | Autocompletes |
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|---------|------------------------|
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*** Package management
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| Command | Debian |
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|------------------------------------|----------------------|
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| Install a package | sudo apt install vim |
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| Upgrade the package in your system | sudo apt upgrade |
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|------------------------------------|----------------------|
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*** Basic file editing with VIM
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*** Expanding the file system
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