Proposed Laboratory Rubric — 100 Points

Criterion	Weight	What You Assess
1. Laboratory preparation	10%	Student arrives knowing the objective, circuit/system, required equations, components, and basic procedure.
2. Experimental implementation	20%	Correct assembly, wiring/programming, instrument configuration, appropriate measurement procedure, and safe use of equipment.
3. Results and measurements	15%	Obtains coherent experimental data, records units and conditions correctly, identifies anomalous measurements, and repeats measurements when necessary.
4. Interpretation and technical reasoning	20%	Explains why the observed behavior occurs and connects experimental results with theory rather than merely reporting values.
5. Live technical defense	20%	Answers questions about the circuit, code, equations, measurements, or procedure individually and without AI assistance.
6. Live modification / troubleshooting	10%	Makes a small modification requested by the instructor and predicts/explains its effect.
7. Laboratory record / brief report	5%	Provides concise evidence: measurements, calculations, plots, observations, and conclusions.
Total	100%

Performance Scale

A simple four-level scale would make grading during the laboratory practical:

Level	Description	Score
4 — Excellent	Performs independently, explains decisions correctly, detects problems, and relates results to theory.	90–100%
3 — Competent	Performs correctly with minor errors or limited assistance; explanation demonstrates adequate understanding.	75–89%
2 — Developing	Completes part of the task but requires substantial assistance or cannot fully explain the implementation/results.	60–74%
1 — Insufficient	Cannot perform essential procedures or demonstrate understanding of the submitted work.	0–59%

Important Assessment Rule

The report should not compensate for an inability to demonstrate understanding in person.

Authenticity requirement: A student who cannot explain or modify the submitted circuit, program, analysis, or experimental procedure during the individual defense cannot receive more than 70/100 for the laboratory activity, regardless of the quality of the submitted documentation.