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Basics of GNU/Linux

Basic File System Commands

| Name | Command | options | example | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | List files | ls | -a shows all | ls -la | | | | -l long format | | | | | -R recursive | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Current directory | pwd | -P prints the physical location | pwd | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Change | cd | .. takes you up a level | cd /home/gmarx | | directory | | ~ takes you to home directory | cd ~ | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Make | mkdir | -p make parent directories as needed | mkdir -p test/example | | directory | | -v print a message for each directory | mkdir -p /test/example | | | | | *first example creates | | | | | folders inside the | | | | | current folder, other one | | | | | creates folder in root directory | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Delete a | rm | -r recursive (use for directories) | rm sample.txt | | file or directory | | -d remove empty directory | rm -r test | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Copy a file | cp | -r recursivec copy | cp a.txt b.txt | | or directory | | -u copy only if the source is newer | cp test-a test-b | | | | -v verbose (show output) | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | Move a file or | mv | -i prompts before overwrite | mv a.txt c.txt | | directory | | No -r; Moving into the same directory | mv test example | | | | performs a renaming | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | | touch | | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | | more | | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | | cal | | | |-——————+———+—————————————+-———————————| | | | | |

*** Terminal | Command | Description | |———+————————| | CTRL-c | Stop current command | | CTRL-z | Sleep program | | CTRL-a | Go to start of line | | CTRL-e | Go to end of line | | CTRL-u | Cut from start of line | | CTRL-k | Cut to end of line | | CTRL-r | Search history | | !! | Repeat last command | | Tab key | Autocompletes | | | | |———+————————|

*** Package management | Command | Debian | |————————————+-———————| | Install a package | sudo apt install vim | | Upgrade the package in your system | sudo apt upgrade | | | | |————————————+-———————| | | |

*** Basic file editing with VIM *** Expanding the file system